tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61947022374326542422024-03-19T16:14:48.792+05:30NERDOLOGY!Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger98125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-51318701041439584012017-01-17T20:50:00.000+05:302017-01-17T20:50:03.634+05:30Practical Solutions for Qatar University CSC<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div class="MsoTocHeading">
<span lang="EN-US">Table of Contents</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106367"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">1. Introduction</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106368"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">1.1 Nature of the Problem</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">3</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106369"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">1.2 Stakeholders</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106370"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">1.3 The Problem Statement</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106371"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">2. Research Aim</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106372"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">3. Research Questions</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">4</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106373"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">4. Research Design</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">5</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106374"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">5. Data Collection
Methods and Techniques</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106375"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">5.1 Former and Current
Employees</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106376"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">5.2 Qatar University
Students</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">6</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106377"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">6. Data Analysis</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106378"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">7. Schedule</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106379"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">8. Organisation</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106380"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">9. Budget</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">9</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106381"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">10. Literature and
Bibliography</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">9</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106382"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-no-proof: yes;">References</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">10</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106383"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">11. Appendices</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6194702237432654242#_Toc472106384"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">Appendix A: Questionnaire</span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; display: none; mso-hide: screen; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11</span></a><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106367"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500436"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106367;">1. Introduction</span></a></h1>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">A Career Service
Centre plays a major role in handling student queries at higher education
institutes; which includes guiding and providing them with necessary information
to select their career path <span class="selectable">(Sampson et al, 2003).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The research identified that </span>Career
Service Centres prepare students to compete for the best career opportunities<span class="selectable">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Career Service Centres
are being maintained by many universities around the globe including Qatar
University, in order to cater to this particular requirement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These Career Service Centres provide career
advice, training, counselling services as well as employment etc. for students.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, the Career Service Centres need
to be employed by individuals who are keen on communicating with students and
have good people skills in general (Brown, 2002).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, they need to be familiar with the
course content and modules taught in the classroom as what students have
learned is what will be directing them towards their future career options (Krieshok,
2001).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the author does not mention
that CSC employees need to have the qualifications or background of the same subject
areas. Furthermore, author argues that good analytical and communication skills
are essential to survive in this service oriented career.</span></span></div>
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<h2>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106368"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500437"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471167286"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500437;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106368;">1.1 Nature of the Problem</span></span></a></h2>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">This research thoroughly
reviews previous literature on Career Service Centres and its performances in
order to analyse how the Career Service Centre (CSC) at Qatar University can
enhance the quality of its services to motivate students to visit and enjoy its
benefits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The CSC at Qatar University is
suffering from a shortage of skilled employees to handle student queries which
results in, delaying in handling student matters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Furthermore, CSC at Qatar University is using
emails as its primary communication channel which can be identified as
inefficient and unpopular among the younger, tech-savvy generation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This also directly affects student
perspectives on using the Career Service Centre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This research aims at evaluating these social
factors, in order to find sensible and practical solutions that can be adopted
by Qatar University to enhance the overall performance of its CSC.</span></div>
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<h2>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106369"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500438"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471167287"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500438;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106369;">1.2 Stakeholders</span></span></a></h2>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Former, current
and possible future employees of CSC and Qatar University students who seek
advice from CSC can be identified as stakeholders who are involved in this
problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apart from these two parties;
the management of Qatar University can be recognised as one of the key
stakeholders who are involved in this problem and will benefit from this
research to find solutions and implement a strategy to tackle the problems in
an effective and efficient manner.</span></div>
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<h2>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106370"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500439"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471167288"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500439;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106370;">1.3 The Problem Statement</span></span></a></h2>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The quality of
the services and effective communication are key elements to run an efficient
Career Service Centre at Qatar University. However, the Career Service Centre at
Qatar University has a shortage of skilled employees which causes delays in
handling student queries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Furthermore,
its current primary communication channel is emails; which according to
numerous researches unpopular and ineffective among the youth and has a directly
impact on students using the CSC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
research aims at finding practical solutions that can be adopted by Qatar
University to encourage students to visit the CSC and use its services,
minimising delays and errors while handling student queries and finally, enhancing
the overall performance and quality of services offered by the Career Service
Centre at Qatar University.</span></div>
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<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106371"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500440"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471167289"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500440;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106371;">2. R</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500440;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106371;">esearch
Aim</span></span></h1>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The aim of this
research is to propose the most suitable communication channel for the CSC at Qatar
University and implement it by the year 2020.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Furthermore, it aims at taking measures to maintain a pool of skilled
employees to run the Career Service Centre at Qatar University from year 2020.</span></div>
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<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106372"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500441"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471167290"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500441;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106372;">3. R</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500441;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106372;">esearch
Questions</span></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Who
are the main stakeholders involved in the problem?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Who
can benefit from the solutions?</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The research
aims at analysing the parties involved in the problem to identify which areas
need to be improved.</span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What
are the key issues faced by CSC at Qatar University?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What
are students’ complaints about CSC?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Surveys,
questionnaires will provide an accurate measure of student dissatisfaction
towards CSC at Qatar University.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What
are the complaints made by employees about CSC?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Surveys,
questionnaires will provide an accurate measure of employee dissatisfaction
towards CSC at Qatar University</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What
is the best communication channel for CSC at Qatar University?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What
are the issues in the current method of communication?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The research
aims at evaluating flaws of the current communication method and why it is not compatible
with current needs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What
are the suggestions made by each stakeholder about adopting a new communication
channel?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The research
aims at analysing suggestions made by each stakeholder involved in the problem about
implementing a new communication method.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">What
is the most suitable new communication method for CSC? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Survey
questionnaire will provide information regarding the most preferred
communication method by each stakeholder involved in the problem, and reasons
for their preference.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106373"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500442"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471167291"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500442;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106373;">4. R</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500442;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106373;">esearch
Design</span></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The research design
portrays a basic model on how the research will be carried out in a logical
format <span class="selectable">(Stichler, 2016)</span>. The author states that
the research design helps in having a clear-cut understanding of how the
research methodology needs to be followed. There are two types of basic
research approaches; deductive approach and inductive approach <span class="selectable">(Tossavainen, 2016)</span>. The deductive approach requires
collecting information based on a pre-determined hypothesis and it is focused
on quantitative research. However, inductive research approach is based on
qualitative research. There are various types of research designs. The most
common research designs can be identified as; experimental research, survey
research, case study and literature review.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In this research, the
research problem is to identify and provide solutions to the shortage of
employees at CSC and find a suitable communication channel. Therefore, the best
research approach will be deductive method which requires the initial process
of developing a hypothesis and then finding adequate information to support the
hypothesis. Nevertheless, both qualitative and quantitative data will be used
in this research. Furthermore, the research will be presented as a case study
and a survey where the questionnaire is developed by the researcher, will be distributed
among students at Qatar University to collect the necessary data for this research.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106374"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500443"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106374;">5. Data Collection Methods and Techniques</span></a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Two out of
three basic stakeholders will participate in answering the questionnaire; former
and current employees of CSC and students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The management of Qatar University will benefit from the research by
remaining as a silent observer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each
party will be given a set of questions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
sample size will be a minimum of 20 from each category of stakeholders, as it balances
the saturation level and provides a proper foundation for the analysis <span class="selectable">(Elsevier, 2004)</span>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106375"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500444"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471167293"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500444;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106375;">5.1 Former and Current Employees</span></span></a></h2>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Data collected
from this category of stakeholders will allow the researcher to analyse the
level of job satisfaction and the nature of tasks they carried out / are
carrying on at the CSC; via questions such as the amount of work load, nature
of the leadership provided and also their future career expectations etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106376"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500445"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471167294"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500445;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106376;">5.2 Qatar University</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500445;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106376;">
Students</span></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">It can be identified
that students are reluctant to use the current primary communication channel emails;
which results in poor participation in the CSC activities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, the questionnaire must be aimed at
analysing the best and preferable communication method among student.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This can be face-to-face meetings, group
discussions, telephone calls, video conferencing or even alternative methods
such as text messaging, a dedicated CSC mobile app, a desktop application or a
virtual Career Service Centre depending on the level of student convenience.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106377"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500446"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471167296"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500446;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106377;">6. D</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500446;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106377;">ata
Analysis</span></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Numeric data
collected via survey questionnaire will be adapted according to Alhammadi et
al. (2016) where after categorising data, quantitative analysis will be carried
out to identify what type of communication channel would be suitable for CSC at
Qatar University, and what are the most suitable and practical solutions for
the shortage of skilled employees at CSC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Both quantitative and qualitative data will be used for this research
and quantitative data will be uploaded to SPSS software to obtain an accurate
statistical output.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The data will be
portrayed via tools such as pie charts, bar charts and tables etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Secondary data collected via existing
literature will support the SPSS output.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106378"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500447"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106378;">7. Schedule</span></a></h1>
<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: center; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-top: 17.9pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 596px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 17.65pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.85pt;" valign="bottom" width="38"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">January</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">February</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.1pt;" valign="bottom" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">March</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Task / Activity </span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Week</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33"><br /></td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Week</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33"><br /></td>
<td nowrap="" style="height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 50.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="67">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Week</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 17.65pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.85pt;" valign="bottom" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 17.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.85pt;" valign="bottom" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Collecting data</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #8DB4E2; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #8DB4E2; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.85pt;" valign="bottom" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #8DB4E2; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: #8DB4E2; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Preparing research proposal</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Conducting survey</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Processing and verifying data</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.85pt;" valign="bottom" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Writing the report</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.85pt;" valign="bottom" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="background: #8DB3E2; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: text2; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Reviewing</span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.85pt;" valign="bottom" width="38">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 25.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="33">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 16.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.15pt;" valign="bottom" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Preparing the final report</span></div>
</td>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
</td>
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<br /></div>
</td>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 17.9pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc471500448;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106379">8. Organisation</a></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">According to
the table above, data collection will be started in January 2017.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As this consists of activities such as
preparing and distributing the questionnaire; the process will continue until
mid-February, 2017.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the meantime,
collected data will be validated using SPSS. Based on the processed data; the
research report will be written and the research conclusion will be obtained in
order to solve employee shortage issue as well as to choose a suitable
communication channel for CSC at Qatar University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The tutor’s supervision and input is
essential at this stage to make sure that the collected data; both qualitative
and quantitative address the problem. The finalisation of the report will take
place on the third week of March enabling decision making and planning implementation
strategies on the same month. The tutor will need to help in finalising the
report and suggest amendments and/or improvements to optimise the outcome of
this research.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106380"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500449"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106380;">9. Budget</span></a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="LightShading-Accent11" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.65pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; height: 15.65pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.0cm;" valign="top" width="378">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Area</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; height: 15.65pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Budget (GBP)</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #D3DFEE; border: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.0cm;" valign="top" width="378">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Initial cost of research</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D3DFEE; border: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">£250</span></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border: none; height: 30.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.0cm;" valign="top" width="378">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Strategy
planning (Consultancy Fee)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 30.7pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">£250</span></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: #D3DFEE; border: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.0cm;" valign="top" width="378">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Purchasing
of communication equipments</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D3DFEE; border: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 63; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">£2,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 39.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border: none; height: 39.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.0cm;" valign="top" width="378">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Hiring, training and staff
development</span></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Implementation
of the new communication mode</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 39.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">£1,000</span></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">£250</span></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #D3DFEE; border-bottom: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; border: none; height: 20.65pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 10.0cm;" valign="top" width="378">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">Total Budget<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D3DFEE; border-bottom: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; border: none; height: 20.65pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;">£3,750</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106381"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500450"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106381;">10. Literature and Bibliography</span></a></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The choice of using the journal 'Data
collection and sample characteristics' by Elsevier which was published in 2004
for this report, justifies the generalisation rule that requires in an unbiased
research.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The context of the journal
describes the main characteristics of a research in general. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Brown's book 'Career choice and
development' provides information on career development as well as tasks and responsibilities
of a Career Service Centre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It describes
the theoretical components of the research topic while supporting the arguments
mentioned in other journals such as Krieshok's 'How the Decision-Making
Literature Might Inform Career Center Practice', which was initially published
back in 2001. All the other journals, research reports and books used in this
report improve its validity as well as reliability of content and justify the
research topic.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106382"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500451"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106382;"><span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">References</span></span></span></a><span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alhammadi,
Y., Algahtany, M., Kashiwagi, D., Sullivan, K., and Kashiwagi, J. (2016), The
current state of research and development approach (R&D) in the Saudi
construction industry, <i>Procedia Engineering</i>, 145, pp. 1462–1469.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Brown,
D. (ed.) (2002), <i>Career choice and development</i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, 4th Edition</i>, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc., U.S.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Elsevier,
B. (2004) ‘Data collection and sample characteristics’, <i>Australian Emergency
Nursing Journal</i>, 6(2), p.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Krieshok,
T. (2001), How the Decision-Making Literature Might Inform Career Center
Practice, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Career Development</i>,
27(3), pp. 207-216.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sampson,
J. P., Reardon, R. C., Peterson, G. W., Lenz, J. G., and Sampson Jr, J. P.
(2003), <i>Career counseling and services: A cognitive information processing
approach</i>, Wadsworth Publishing Co.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Stichler,
J. F. (2016), Research, research-informed design, evidence-based design: What
is the difference and does it matter?, <i>HERD: Health Environments Research
& Design Journal</i>, 10(1), pp. 7–12.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tossavainen,
P. J. (2016), Co-create with stakeholders: Action research approach in service
development, <i>Action Research</i>.</span></span></div>
<span class="lookup-resultcontent"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106383"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500452"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106383;"><span class="lookup-resultcontent">11. Appendices</span></span></a></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc472106384"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc471500453"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc472106384;"><span class="lookup-resultcontent">Appendix A: Questionnaire</span></span></a><span class="lookup-resultcontent"></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Please fill this questionnaire with
genuine and accurate information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your
responses will not be shared with any third party and will be used only for the
academic purpose of my research.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Age</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 6px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251631616;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>20
-25 years</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251633664;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>26 - 35 years</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251632640;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>6 – 50 years</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 4px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251634688;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Above 50 years</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gender</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251635712;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Male</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251636736;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Female</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">I
identify myself as</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A current/former CSC employee</span><span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251637760;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251638784;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251639808;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A student at Qatar University</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251696128;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Other (Please mention)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Answer
only if you are a student at Qatar University</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Have you been to / used the CSC at Qatar
University in the past three months</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251698176;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Yes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251699200;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The performance of the CSC is
satisfactory.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251701248;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251702272;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="height: 53px; left: 0px; margin-left: 31px; margin-top: 22px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 610px; z-index: 251642880;"><img height="53" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" width="610" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Briefly explain your
experience with CSC.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rate your level of satisfaction on the
performance of CSC at Qatar University.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 72.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251725824;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Very Satisfied</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 72.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251645952;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Satisfied</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 72.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251649024;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Not Satisfied nor
Dissatisfied</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 72.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 4px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251648000;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dissatisfied</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 72.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251650048;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Very Dissatisfied </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What makes you want or not want to use the
CSC at Qatar University?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Are you satisfied with the current
primary communication channel used by CSC?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If you answered no, please give reasons.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251704320;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251705344;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How do you feel about CSC at Qatar
University adopting a new communication channel?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251727872;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Good</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251728896;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bad</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251730944;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Neutral</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What is your preferred communication
method?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251759616;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Text messages</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251761664;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A dedicated mobile app</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251763712;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Telephone calls</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251765760;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Video conferencing</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251767808;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Virtual CSC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251769856;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Face-to-face meetings</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Do you think the number of employees
working at CSC is enough to handle your queries?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251707392;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Yes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251708416;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How can CSC improve its services and performance?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Do you have any complaints about CSC?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(If yes, please state)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">For what purposes, have you used /
hoping to use the CSC facility at Qatar University?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What are factors that causing dissatisfaction
when using the CSC at Qatar University?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What are the factors that attract you to
use the CSC facility at Qatar University? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251710464;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>……………</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251711488;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>……………</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251713536;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>……………</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How frequently do you log in to check
your emails? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251753472;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">On a daily basis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251755520;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Not everyday</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251757568;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">All the time</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What skills do you think the employees
should have and / or need to improve in order to work at CSC?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Do you find the CSC at Qatar University
to be helpful?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251715584;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Yes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251716608;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Answer
only if you are a current / former CSC employee at Qatar University</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Do you think the number of employees
working at CSC is enough to handle student queries?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251718656;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Yes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251719680;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How can CSC improve its services and
performance?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How do you feel about CSC at Qatar
University adopting a new communication channel?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251747328;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Good</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251749376;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bad</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251751424;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Neutral</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Are / were you satisfied with your job?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Have you ever made any complaints about
CSC during your employment?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251721728;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Yes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251722752;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Describe the nature of tasks they
carried out / are carrying on at the CSC.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">I identify the work load to be</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 5px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251732992;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Too much</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251735040;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Reasonable</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Describe the nature of leadership
provided by the administration / management. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">I’m satisfied with my remuneration
package.</span><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251723776;"><span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; left: 17px; position: absolute; top: -975px; width: 19px;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" width="19" /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 5px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251771904;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 81.0pt;">
<span style="height: 18px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 3px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 19px; z-index: 251772928;"><img height="18" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="19" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What makes you want or not want to work
for CSC at Qatar University?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What are your future career
expectations?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="height: 133px; left: 0px; margin-left: 34px; margin-top: 24px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 610px; z-index: 251670528;"><img height="133" src="file:///C:\Users\Samsung\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.gif" width="610" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Briefly explain your
experience with CSC.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What skills do you think the employees
should have and / or need to improve in order to carry the tasks at CSC?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rate your level of satisfaction on your
job as a CSC employee at Qatar University.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What are factors that causing
dissatisfaction on your job at CSC?</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-60297370478478469262016-01-15T15:09:00.002+05:302016-01-15T15:09:55.133+05:30Promoting Mental Health and Well-being among Older People<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Introduction:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This essay aims at promoting mental health and well-being
among older people. Promoting mental health and well-being among older people
is important as the number of older people aged 60 years and above, with mental
health problems are increasing day by day. Therefore, the essay will first
define health, in order to understand the relationship between mental health
and well-being. Similarly, this essay will also define mental health and well-being
in order to provide a clearer image of the background on mental health and well-being
based on “No Health without Mental Health” framework. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Secondarily, the essay aims at exploring the
determinants of mental health and well-being by describing and discussing the
general features of good mental health and well-being factors, that are
contributing to good mental health and wellbeing and how older people can be affected
by these factors. While interventions can be identified as one of the major
methods to raise awareness among those are affected as well as likely to be
affected by different factors that are contributing to mental illness, this
essay will discuss about interventions that can be used in order to address the
affected and likely to be affected by mental health issues. Likewise, the essay
will define both primary and secondary interventions to improve observations of
mental illnesses among older people.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Before the conclusion, the essay will outline
different policies and legislations that play important roles in the process of
interventions and how the interventions are being carried out and thoroughly evaluated
the policies and legislation.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Definitions:
</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Both mental health and
well-being can be identified as individual concepts that are related to each
other at the same time. Nevertheless, these two terms have two different
definitions. Health can be declared as physical, mental as well as social
well-being as a whole and not just being disease free. According to World Health
Organization in 1986, this definition addresses the key aspects of mental
health. Mental health is a condition of well-being where each and every
individual understands the full potential of life can handle stress and deliver
productive work while contributing to the society (WHO, 2009). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">However, the idea of mental
health portrays, mental well-being is all about feeling content and lead the
life in a way that makes you feel good about yourself as well as others, being
confident and getting involved with social activities, boosted self-esteem and
self-confidence. The “No Health without Mental Health” concept created by HM
Government framework in 2012 declared that both mental health and elasticity is
the key to have physical healthiness, healthy relationships, and good education
and achieve the full potential. Interventions lay a key role in putting an end
to mental health issues and there are two types of interventions; primary and
secondary. Both are essential to the process as primary intervention mainly focuses
on stopping before it happens, for instance discovery of mental issues among adults
over 60 years old due to depression, through talking therapy. Royal College of
Psychiatrists (2015) indicates that 1 in 5 people living in the community and 2
in 5 spending their lives in care homes are suffering from depression and it is
believed that interventions could have played a part in preventing the
development of mental illness if they were carried out at the early stage of
signs. Nevertheless, secondary intervention would help reducing the impact of the
ailment through frequent checkups and medication. For example, GPs can provide
their support to an older person affected by depression. And at this stage, adults
affected can be prescribed anti-depressant or electroconvulsive therapy to
reduce further development of mental health issues.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mental illnesses can have
long lasting effects if not identified and treated at an early stage. It is identified
that mental illnesses can affect older people who are in their 60s, and
depression is a key factor, that can damage the day-to-day activities and
making them unable to function (World Health Organization (2009). Mental health
problems can start as simple as symptoms of depression such as losing interest
in life, losing self-confidence, feeling restless and feeling tired for no
particular reason; and then develops into serious complications when it is not
discovered and treated at that stage where it can drive them into having
suicidal thoughts. And at the same time, it is necessary to keep in mind that these
negative results can be a caused by interacting with both internal and external
environment, where the person cannot cope with, such as being widowed,
unemployed, illnesses and disabilities etc. It is safe to assume that mental
health changes at each and every stage in a person’s life and it is directly
connected to his or her behaviour as well as external and internal factors an
individual is dealing with while good mental health improves the overall physical
health of a person (Collingwood, 2013). Thompson, M et al. made similar
observation in 2012 indicating how mental illnesses are determined by many
aspects for instance psychological, biological, social and environmental
factors that operate mutually in a composite state. These are indentified to be
linked with both physical and psychological upbringing of a person and can show
a negative outcome on the well-being of the person.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thompson, M et al. (2012) also established the
demographic factors like age and gender play key roles in determining good
mental health while structural level reasons including economic, social and
cultural issues can have an influence on poor mental health and well-being.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Recent
studies conducted by, World Health Organization (2015) shows that depression
and dementia can be identified as the most common neuropsychiatric disorder
among the older people who are in the age group of 60 years and above and 20%
percent of the population in that age category suffer from a mental or neurological
disorder while 6.6% of disabled in this age category are suffering from neurological
and mental disorders. It also confirms that 3.8% in this age category are
dealing with anxiety. Furthermore, it stated that nearly 15% of adults in the
age group of 60 and over suffer from a mental disorder. While depression can be
identified as one of the key factors behind mental health issues among elderly,
poor mental health can also be associated with social outcomes like substance
and alcohol abuse, retirement as well as losing a loved one. However, it is
believed that good health during adolescent contributes to good mental health
and helps preventing future issues related to mental health. However, it is
believed that both mental health and emotional well-being are essential for
physical health of an individual during older age as much as it is important at
any other stage in life.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mental health not only determines
the mental capabilities of an individual it also linked with all aspects of
life and can have a negative impact on life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For instance, it can increase the chances of discovering heart diseases
among elderly who are depressed comparing to those who are medically well. And
at the same time an older person suffering from a heart disease and untreated
depression can have a negative effect on the outcome of the physical disease.
Older people </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">often get affected by </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">elder abuse such as,
psychological, physical, sexual, material, emotional, financial abuse, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">desertion,
being overlooked by the society and losses of dignity and reverence while
current studies suggest that 1 in 10 in this age category experience elder abuse.
This can lead to physical injuries as well as leave deep, sometimes
long-lasting psychological scars like depression and anxiety.</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. In the
United Kingdom it is understood that mental frailty holds down more than 20
percent of the total weight of diseases; and the expenditure in health care,
productivity drops and people who are unable to contribute to the society due
to mental health issues are entitled to state benefits, as the annual
expenditure on mental health issues in the UK reaches £110 billion a year
(Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2010)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Description</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mental health is a
vital aspect of overall well-being which includes many features of mental
health and well-being. They are linked with key elements of good quality of
life including maintaining healthy relationships with family members and
friends, being able to function independently and positively while working for
the betterment of the society. Achieving the satisfaction of having good mental
health will reflect on decision making and being compassionate towards others
in a more positive way. Nevertheless, good mental health can be identified as a
fundamental need for every human being to lead a life with good qualities and
experience the maximum of productivity. The definition of mental health
suggests that the overall health, economic and social accomplishments are not
just aspects of the nonexistence of mental infirmity but existence of positive
mental health and well-being (WHO, 2010).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the same way, good
characteristics of mental health and well-being are coupled with the idea of
skewed evaluation of well-being, and it can be utilized in order to point out
the quality of life of an individual. Diener in 1984 stated that mental health
is a biased point of view as it talks about the understanding of assessing the life
of an individual in a positive way. He also indicated that subjective
well-being is a crucial element of a good life and both positive and negative
outcomes are likely to follow as a result of the representation of subjective well-being. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Positive and negative aspects of mental health
can be directly linked with age among older people. Physical incompetence,
disabilities, retirements that affect on the income and financial instability,
losing loved ones, being neglected by the loved ones, deaths and being widowed
have a huge impact on the negative side of the well-being and mental health,
hence they are interconnected with the overall physical health of elderly. It
is necessary to make the elderly more engaged with physical activities like
yoga, aerobics, weight training etc, while continue to communicate with them
and encourage communicating with other people who are in the same age category,
as well as make them feel more valuable to the society in order to boost their
self-esteem. Depression in the old age is treatable and even among the elderly
who are suffering from dementia. Behavioural therapy, cognitive behavioural
therapy and life review therapy can be effective in treating the depressed.
Recent studies suggest using psychological and somatic interventions to put off
the commencement of depression among elderly, including cognitive and behavioural
interventions for individuals who are suffering from chronic illnesses. The sufficient
handling of remaining symptoms following a severe depressive occurrence,
including insomnia symptoms, may avert relapse (Fiske. A et al, 2010).</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Interventions: </b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Public health
intervention believes in different defensive channels for mental health and
threats for mental health issues. It also believes in a deeper and well-knitted
approach for mental health matters and promotion of mental well-being. Hence,
good interventions can deliver good results in decreasing the danger of mental
illnesses, such as promotion of health and wellbeing in order to raise
awareness of depression among older people in clinical levels.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nevertheless, a ‘Needs Assessment’ is
essential before an intervention can be carried out as identifying the
individual needs play a key role in this matter. This helps in recognizing the
ideal support mechanism that suits the individuals according to their
requirements and capabilities, before an intervention is carried out. This
procedure will assist in determining, examining the nature and ground reasons
of the matter. Hence, in order to raise awareness about depression among
elderly on clinical levels needs assessment should be done to generate and
execute interventions that are customized for the needs of the client.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">This procedure needs strategies to
support the ones who are affected in order to obtain the knowledge in positive
mental health and well-being and how to respond and deal with day-to-day
depression and modify behaviour to promote positive mental health and trim down
the probability of mental frailty.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Depression among older people needs to
be identified at an early stage to prevent further damage to their mental and physical
health. There are different signs of depression, some sign are obvious and
noticeable, for example behavioural changes such as avoiding family and people
altogether, failure to find satisfaction in day-to-day activities,
restlessness, loss of appetite, being worried and confused for no particular
reason. Nevertheless some signs may not be visible such as emptiness
(Beyondblue, 2015).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Depression can affect both physical and
mental health of older people in short and long term. It is necessary to find
solutions on clinical levels and that’s where primary and secondary
interventions play their roles in order to promote and encourage positive mental
health and well-being among older people. Clinical based interventions which
support those who are affected by depression can decrease the danger of mental
health illnesses and promote good mental health well-being. Primary level
interventions focus on stopping before it happens by getting the patient to be involved
in talking therapy. This helps in observing the behavioural changes and
identifying the root cause. Throughout the observation, it is essential to
connect and communicate to collect necessary information to decide on the best
ways to intervene. Identifying the root cause is important in order to reduce
the damages and this can also have a positive effect on the patient socially
and emotionally, after being able to open up and vocal the matter. Mental
health promotion interventions will constantly focus on promoting constructive
mental health programs by mounting psychological well-being, proficiency and
elasticity, and also by producing caring living environment within their
surroundings. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In order to battle depression the
patient needs to be connected with other people including friends and family to
reduce the effects of feeling neglected. Similarly, being involved in different
activities such as aerobics, yoga or taking up a new hobby can help in reducing
the impact of depression while keeping the mental state active and feeling a
sense of confidence and accomplished. Weight training also gives an
anti-depressant effect and overall being physically active has a positive
effect on the patients (Fiske. A et al, 2010).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Evaluation:
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Interventions focus on raising
awareness about depression and its effects among older people. The intervention
can be identified as recognizing depression and prevention techniques.
Similarly, the focal point of intervention was to promote health and well-being
of elderly by pushing them towards healthy activities to keep them active both
mentally and physically. Through talking therapy intervention, it has been
somewhat easier to assess the condition of mental health in elderly and
identify what causes depression, nevertheless lack of actual data and
statistics is a challenge we are currently facing. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
existing levels of provisions made for mental health diseases like depression
and anxiety is insufficient. A research carried on mental health in general suggests
that self harm statistics for the UK claim one of the highest rates in Europe
while women are more likely to be treated for mental health issues compared to men
and depression affects 1 in 5 older people (Mental Health Foundation, 2015).
Due to significant changes including genetic, age related neurobiological
factors as well as traumatic events that occur including cognitive and
functional limitations in the lives of elderly, they are extremely vulnerable
to mental health issues (Fiske. A et al, 2010). The mental health and
well-being of elderly can be enhanced by promoting Active and Healthy Ageing.
Health promotion focused on mental health for elderly entails producing living
circumstances and surroundings that maintain well-being and let people to lead
healthy and incorporated everyday life. Promoting mental health and well-being
based mainly on strategies that make sure older people have the essential
resources to meet their fundamental requirements (WHO, 2015)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The lack of
availability in actual figures and statistics hold by local councils and
clinical level authorities who are responsible in creating and updating health
and well-being strategies, is a problem that was highlighted by the
interventions and similarly they are unaware of the fact whether they are
providing the necessary support to the elderly who are in need of help. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conclusion:
</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This essay demonstrated
the prevalence of mental health and promoting well-being among elderly, as well
as how they can be a victim of mental health issues. The essay went on to
highlight the issue of depression among older people which is a key factor in
causing mental health problems in their lives when they are over 60 years and
how it can be prevented. It also stresses the fact that the society needs to
look at the people who are suffering from mental health issues in a more humane
way while depression must be treated at clinical levels. Nevertheless, some
would disagree as there is no enough data to prove the actual figures of older
people affected by depression. There is an increasing demand for talking
therapy and training programs for health professionals in care for elderly in
order to find solutions and promote mental health and well-being among older
people.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bibliography:
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Organization (1986) Available at: </span><a href="http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/docs/charter-chartre/pdf/charter.pdf%20%20"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/docs/charter-chartre/pdf/charter.pdf
</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Last accessed: 08 / 01 / 2016</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-60529514035673795582014-07-23T05:14:00.000+05:302014-07-23T08:39:43.957+05:30Fun with Python : Interactive Python - "Stopwatch: The Game"<div style="text-align: justify;">
Mini-project description - "Stopwatch: The Game"<br />
<br />
Let's combining text drawing in the canvas with timers to build a simple digital stopwatch that keeps track of the time in tenths of a second. The stopwatch should contain "Start", "Stop" and "Reset" buttons. <br />
<br />
Mini-project development process<br />
<br />
1. Construct a timer with an associated interval of 0.1 seconds whose event handler increments a global integer. (Remember that create_timer takes the interval specified in milliseconds.) This integer will keep track of the time in tenths of seconds. Test your timer by printing this global integer to the console. Use the CodeSkulptor reset button in the blue menu bar to terminate your program and stop the timer and its print statements. Important: Do not use floating point numbers to keep track of tenths of a second! While it's certainly possible to get it working, the imprecision of floating point can make your life miserable. Use an integer instead, i.e., 12 represent 1.2 seconds.<br />
<br />
2. Write the event handler function for the canvas that draws the current time (simply as an integer, you should not worry about formatting it yet) in the middle of the canvas. Remember that you will need to convert the current time into a string using str before drawing it.<br />
<br />
3. Add "Start" and "Stop" buttons whose event handlers start and stop the timer. Next, add a "Reset" button that stops the timer and reset the current time to zero. The stopwatch should be stopped when the frame opens.<br />
<br />
4. Next, write a helper function format(t) that returns a string of the form A:BC.D where A, C and D are digits in the range 0-9 and B is in the range 0-5. Test this function independent of your project. Note that the string returned by your helper function format should always correctly include leading zeros. For example</div>
<ul>
<li>format(0) = 0:00.0</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>format(11) = 0:01.1</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>format(321) = 0:32.1</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>format(613) = 1:01.3</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Hint: Use integer division and remainder (modular arithmetic) to extract various digits for the formatted time from the global integer timer.<br />
<br />
5. Insert a call to the format function into your draw handler to complete the stopwatch. (Note that the stopwatch need only work correctly up to 10 minutes, beyond that its behavior is your choice.)<br />
<br />
6. Finally, to turn your stopwatch into a test of reflexes, add to two numerical counters that keep track of the number of times that you have stopped the watch and how many times you manage to stop the watch on a whole second (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc.). These counters should be drawn in the upper right-hand part of the stopwatch canvas in the form "x/y" where x is the number of successful stops and y is number of total stops. My best effort at this simple game is around a 25% success rate.<br />
<br />
7. Add code to ensure that hitting the "Stop" button when the timer is already stopped does not change your score. We suggest that you add a global Boolean variable that is True when the stopwatch is running and False when the stopwatch is stopped. You can then use this value to determine whether to update the score when the "Stop" button is pressed.<br />
<br />
8. Modify "Reset" so as to set these numbers back to zero when clicked.<br />
<br />
Steps 1-3 and 5-7 above are relatively straightforward. However, step 4 requires some adept use of integer division and modular arithmetic. So, we again emphasize that you build and debug the helper function format(t) separately<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: blue;">Answer:</span> <a href="http://www.codeskulptor.org/#user36_Tk62p0XQ5o_5.py" target="_blank">Access my code here</a> </b></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-87445495558305195422014-06-13T07:29:00.000+05:302014-06-13T07:29:26.046+05:30The Fluidity of Keynesian Economics<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<![endif]--><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4jcLxwf5dXFP-knp3Rm8bdq_XJ1aNk3aW5Ro-qWQGyp3bzx06L-vKHCcJgBMRHSnSgEUXReFcTegeDOn93mM9ZsGDMDvlHoCgZuRbcOn0sy89eEySUIdxPQb9BIHrThEBUKz1Xy5KCOc/s1600/can-stock-photo_csp11709589.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4jcLxwf5dXFP-knp3Rm8bdq_XJ1aNk3aW5Ro-qWQGyp3bzx06L-vKHCcJgBMRHSnSgEUXReFcTegeDOn93mM9ZsGDMDvlHoCgZuRbcOn0sy89eEySUIdxPQb9BIHrThEBUKz1Xy5KCOc/s1600/can-stock-photo_csp11709589.jpg" height="117" width="200" /></a>Keynesian economics is the view that in the short run,
especially during recessions, economic output is strongly influenced by
aggregate demand. In the Keynesian view, aggregate demand does not necessarily
equal the productive capacity of the economy; instead, it is influenced by a
host of factors and sometimes behaves erratically, affecting production,
employment, and inflation. </div>
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The theories forming the basis of Keynesian economics were
first presented by the British economist John Maynard Keynes in his book, The
General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936, during the
Great Depression. Keynes contrasted his approach to the aggregate
supply-focused 'classical' economics that preceded his book. The
interpretations of Keynes that followed are contentious and several schools of
economic thought claim his legacy.</div>
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Keynesian economists often argue that private sector
decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes which require
active policy responses by the public sector, in particular, monetary policy
actions by the central bank and fiscal policy actions by the government, in
order to stabilize output over the business cycle. Keynesian economics
advocates a mixed economy – predominantly private sector, but with a role for
government intervention during recessions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Keynesian economics served as the standard economic model in
the developed nations during the later part of the Great Depression, World War
II, and the post-war economic expansion, though it lost some influence
following the oil shock and resulting stagflation of the 1970s.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Theory</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Keynes argued that the solution to the Great Depression was
to stimulate the economy<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>through some
combination of two approaches:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
# A reduction in interest rates, and</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
# Government investment in infrastructure .</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
By reducing the interest rate at which the central bank
lends money to commercial banks, the government sends a signal to commercial
banks that they should do the same for their customers.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Investment by government in infrastructure injects income
into the economy by creating business opportunity, employment and demand and
reversing the effects of the aforementioned imbalance.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Concept<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Wages and spending</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><i> </i>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
During the Great Depression, the classical theory attributed
mass unemployment to high and rigid real wages.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
To Keynes, the determination of wages is more complicated.
First, he argued that it is not real but nominal wages that are set in
negotiations between employers and workers, as opposed to a barter
relationship. Second, nominal wage cuts would be difficult to put into effect
because of laws and wage contracts. Even classical economists admitted that
these exist; unlike Keynes, they advocated abolishing minimum wages, unions,
and long-term contracts, increasing labour market flexibility. However, to
Keynes, people will resist nominal wage reductions, even without unions, until
they see other wages falling and a general fall of prices.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Active fiscal policy</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><i> </i>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Classical economists have traditionally yearned for balanced
government budgets. Keynesians, on the other hand, believe this would
exacerbate the underlying problem: following either the expansionary policy or
the contractionary policy would raise saving<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>and thus lower the demand for both products and labour. For example,
Keynesians would advise tax cuts instead.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>"Multiplier effect" and interest rates<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Two aspects of Keynes's model has implications for policy:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
First, there is the "Keynesian multiplier", first
developed by Richard F. Kahn in 1931. Exogenous increases in spending, such as an
increase in government outlays, increases total spending by a multiple of that
increase. A government could stimulate a great deal of new production with a
modest outlay if:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
# The people who receive this money then spend most on
consumption goods and save the rest.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
# This extra spending allows businesses to hire more people
and pay them, which in turn allows a further increase in consumer spending.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
This process continues. At each step, the increase in
spending is smaller than in the previous step, so that the multiplier process
tapers off and allows the attainment of an equilibrium. This story is modified
and moderated if we move beyond a "closed economy" and bring in the
role of taxation: The rise in imports and tax payments at each step reduces the
amount of induced consumer spending and the size of the multiplier effect.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Second, Keynes re-analyzed the effect of the interest rate
on investment. In the classical model, the supply of funds<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>determines the amount of fixed business
investment. That is, under the classical model, since all savings are placed in
banks, and all business investors in need of borrowed funds go to banks, the
amount of savings determines the amount that is available to invest. Under
Keynes's model, the amount of investment is determined independently by
long-term profit expectations and, to a lesser extent, the interest rate. The
latter opens the possibility of regulating the economy through money supply
changes, via monetary policy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>New Classical Macroeconomics criticisms<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Another influential school of thought was based on the Lucas
critique of Keynesian economics. This called for greater consistency with
microeconomic theory and rationality, and in particular emphasized the idea of
rational expectations. Lucas and others argued that Keynesian economics
required remarkably foolish and short-sighted behavior from people, which
totally contradicted the economic understanding of their behavior at a micro
level. New classical economics introduced a set of macroeconomic theories that
were based on optimising microeconomic behavior. These models have been
developed into the Real Business Cycle Theory, which argues that business cycle
fluctuations can to a large extent be accounted for by real<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>shocks.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
New classical theorists demanded that macroeconomics be
grounded on the same foundations as microeconomic theory, profit-maximizing
firms and rational, utility-maximizing consumers.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The result of this shift in methodology produced several
important divergences from Keynesian Macroeconomics:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
# Independence of Consumption and current Income </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
# Irrelevance of Current Profits to Investment </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
# Long run independence of inflation and unemployment </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
# The inability of monetary policy to stabilize output </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
# Irrelevance of Taxes and Budget Deficits to Consumption</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-26773171353133306012014-06-03T14:13:00.002+05:302014-06-03T14:13:57.438+05:30Fun with Python : Interactive Python - “Guess The Number” Game<div style="text-align: justify;">
“Guess the number” game<br />
One of the simplest two-player games is “Guess the number”. The first
player thinks of a secret number in some known range while the second
player attempts to guess the number. After each guess, the first player
answers either “Higher”, “Lower” or “Correct!” depending on whether the
secret number is higher, lower or equal to the guess. In this project,
you will build a simple interactive program in Python where the computer
will take the role of the first player while you play as the second
player.<br />
You will interact with your program using an input field and several
buttons. For this project, we will ignore the canvas and print the
computer's responses in the console. Building an initial version of your
project that prints information in the console is a development
strategy that you should use in later projects as well. Focusing on
getting the logic of the program correct before trying to make it
display the information in some “nice” way on the canvas usually saves
lots of time since debugging logic errors in graphical output can be
tricky.<br />
Mini-project development process<br />
A basic template for this mini-project here (<a href="http://www.codeskulptor.org/#examples-guess_the_number_template.py" rel="nofollow">http://www.codeskulptor.org/#examples-guess_the_number_template.py</a>). Suggested development strategy for the basic version of “Guess the number” is:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
1. Decide on a set of global variables that contain the state of the
game. For example, one obvious choice is the secret number that has been
generated by the program. You will need other global variables,
especially to accommodate later extensions to the basic game.<br />
2. Figure out how to generate a random secret number in a given range,
low to high. When discussing ranges, we will follow the standard Python
convention of including the low end of the range and excluding the high
end of the range, which can be expressed mathematically as [low, high).
So, [0, 3) means all of the numbers starting at 0 up to, but not
including 3. In other words 0, 1, and 2. We suggest using the range [0,
100) in your first implementation. Hint: look at the functions in the
random module to figure out how to easily select such a random number.
We suggest testing this in a separate CodeSkulptor tab before adding
code to your project.<br />
3. Figure out how to create an input text box using the simplegui
module. You will use this input to get the guess from the user. For all
variants of the game, this input field should always be active (in other
words, a game should always be in progress). Again, test in a separate
CodeSkulptor tab before adding code to your project.<br />
4. Write the event handler input_guess(guess) that takes the input
guess, compares it to the secret number and prints out the appropriate
response. Remember that guess is a string so you will need to convert it
into a number before testing it against the secret number. Hint: We
have showed you how to convert strings to numbers in the lectures.<br />
5. Test your code by playing multiple games of “Guess the number” with a
fixed range. At this point, you will need to re-run your program
between each game (using the CodeSkulptor “Run” button).<br />
6. Fill in your new_game() function so the generation of the secret
number is now done inside this function. That is, calling new_game()
should compute a random secret number and assign it to a global
variable. You can now call the function new_game() in the body of your
code right before you start your frame.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
From this minimal working version of “Guess the number”, the rest of
this project consists of adding extra functionality to your project.
There are two improvements that you will need to make to get full
credit:<br />
1. Using function(s) in the simplegui module, add buttons to restart the
game so that you don't need to repeatedly click “Run” in CodeSkulptor
to play multiple games. You should add two buttons: “Range: 0 - 100” and
“Range: 0 - 1000” that allow the player to choose different ranges for
the secret number. Using either of these buttons should restart the game
and print out an appropriate message. They should work at any time
during the game. In our implementation, the event handler for each
button set the desired range for the secret number (as a global
variable) and then call new_game to reset the secret number in the
desired range.<br />
As you play “Guess the number”, you might notice that a good strategy is
to maintain an interval that consists of the highest guess that is
“Lower” than the secret number and the lowest guess that is “Higher”
than the secret number. A good choice for the next guess is the number
that is the average of these two numbers. The answer for this new guess
then allows you to figure a new interval that contains the secret number
and that is half as large. For example, if the secret number is in the
range [0, 100), it is a good idea to guess 50. If the answer is
"Higher", the secret number must be in the range [51, 100). It is then a
good idea to guess 75 and so on. This technique of successively
narrowing the range corresponds to a well-known computer algorithm known
as binary search.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2. Your final addition to “Guess the number” will be to restrict the
player to a limited number of guesses. After each guess, your program
should include in its output the number of remaining guesses. Once the
player has used up those guesses, they lose, the game prints out an
appropriate message, and a new game immediately starts.<br />
Since the strategy above for playing “Guess the number” approximately
halves the range of possible secret numbers after each guess, any secret
number in the range [low, high) can always be found in at most n
guesses where n is the smallest integer such that 2 ** n >= high -
low + 1. For the range [0, 100), n is seven. For the range [0, 1000), n
is ten. In our implementation, the function new_game() set the number of
allowed guess to seven when the range is [0, 100) or to ten when the
range is [0, 1000). For more of a challenge, you may compute n from low
and high using the functions math.log and math.ceil in the math module.<br />
When your program starts, the game should immediately begin in range [0,
100). When the game ends (because the player either wins or runs out of
guesses), a new game with the same range as the last one should
immediately begin by calling new_game(). Whenever the player<br />
clicks one of the range buttons, the current game should stop and a new game with the selected range should begin.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Grading — 11 pts total<br />
Here is a break down of the scoring:<br />
1 pt — The game starts immediately when the “Run” button in CodeSkulptor is pressed.<br />
1 pt — A game is always in progress. Finishing one game immediately starts another in the same range.<br />
1 pt — The game reads guess from the input field and correctly prints it out.<br />
3 pts — The game correctly plays “Guess the number” with the range [0,
100) and prints understandable output messages to the console. Play
three complete games: 1 pt for each correct game.<br />
2 pts — The game includes two buttons that allow the user to select
the range [0, 100) or the range [0, 1000) for the secret number. These
buttons correctly change the range and print an appropriate message. (1
pt per button.)<br />
2 pts — The game restricts the player to a finite number of guesses
and correctly terminates the game when these guesses are exhausted.
Award 1 pt if the number of remaining guesses is printed, but the game
does not terminate correctly.<br />
1 pt — The game varies the number of allowed guesses based on the
range of the secret number — seven guesses for range [0, 100), ten
guesses for range [0, 1000).<br />
To help aid you in gauging what a full credit project might look like,
the video lecture on the “Guess the number” project includes a
demonstration of our implementation of this project. You do not need to
validate that the input number is in the correct range. (For this game,
that responsibility should fall on the player.)<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: blue;">Answer :</span> <a href="http://www.codeskulptor.org/#user33_nkIEW8kSjm_8.py" target="_blank">Access my code here</a></b></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-20325140583103766772014-06-02T02:50:00.001+05:302014-06-02T02:51:52.816+05:30A Modern Take on Diamond - Water Paradox <div style="text-align: justify;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Hh0WsBdfTRAqYTD2lY3khl6UY_Ch2nqoI9eI7Dz5AEkLT2fY4TCgN1LqguX2aWNPOFnHST9Uf5pZSqQCDPAloILsV3aGVPszHDFgqLpZCtUFviQtPKq3HY06DVd46bHQSegGBdltaVw/s1600/Diamond+Water+Paradox.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Hh0WsBdfTRAqYTD2lY3khl6UY_Ch2nqoI9eI7Dz5AEkLT2fY4TCgN1LqguX2aWNPOFnHST9Uf5pZSqQCDPAloILsV3aGVPszHDFgqLpZCtUFviQtPKq3HY06DVd46bHQSegGBdltaVw/s1600/Diamond+Water+Paradox.jpg" height="167" width="200" /></a>The paradox of value<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
which is also known as the 'Diamond - Water Paradox' </span>is the apparent contradiction that, although water is on the whole more
useful, in terms of survival, than diamonds, diamonds command a higher price in
the market. The philosopher Adam Smith is often considered to be the classic
presenter of this paradox. Nicolaus Copernicus, John Locke, John Law and others
had previously tried to explain the disparity.</div>
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<u>Labor theory of value<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></u></div>
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In a passage of Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and
Causes of the Wealth of Nations, he discusses the concepts of value in use and
value in exchange, and notices how they tend to differ:</div>
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Furthermore, he explained the value in exchange as being
determined by labor:</div>
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<br /></div>
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Hence, Smith denied a necessary relationship between price
and utility. Price on this view was related to a factor of production<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and not to the point of view of the consumer.
The best practical example of this is saffron - the most expensive spice - here
much of its value derives from both the low yield from growing it and the disproportionate
amount of labor required to extract it. Proponents of the labor theory of value
saw that as the resolution of the paradox.</div>
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The labor theory of value has lost popularity in mainstream
economics and has been replaced by the theory of marginal utility.</div>
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<u>Marginalism</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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The theory of marginal utility, which is based on the
subjective theory of value, says that the price at which an object trades in
the market is determined neither by how much labor was exerted in its
production, as in the labor theory of value, nor on how useful it is on a whole
. Rather, its price is determined by its marginal utility. The marginal utility
of a good is derived from its most important use to a person. So, if someone
possesses a good, he will use it to satisfy some need or want. Which one? Naturally,
the one that takes highest-priority. Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk illustrated this
with the example of a farmer having five sacks of grain.</div>
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<br /></div>
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With the first, he will make bread to survive. With the
second, he will make more bread, in order to be strong enough to work. With the
next, he will feed his farm animals. The next is used to make whisky, and the
last one he feeds to the pigeons. If one of those bags is stolen, he will not
reduce each of those activities by one-fifth; instead he will stop feeding the
pigeons.</div>
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So the value of the fifth bag of grain is equal to the
satisfaction he gets from feeding the pigeons. If he sells that bag and
neglects the pigeons, his least productive use of the remaining grain is to
make whisky, so the value of a fourth bag of grain is the value of his whisky.
Only if he loses four bags of grain will he start eating less; that is the most
productive use of his grain. The last bag of grain is worth his life.</div>
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In explaining the diamond-water paradox, marginalists
explain that it is not the total usefulness of diamonds or water that matters,
but the usefulness of each unit of water or diamonds. It is true that the total
utility of water to people is tremendous, because they need it to survive.
However, since water is in such large supply in the world, the marginal utility
of water is low. In other words, each additional unit of water that becomes
available can be applied to less urgent uses as more urgent uses for water are
satisfied.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Therefore, any particular unit of water becomes worth less
to people as the supply of water increases. On the other hand, diamonds are in
much lower supply. They are of such low supply that the usefulness of one
diamond is greater than the usefulness of one glass of water, which is in
abundant supply. Thus, diamonds are worth more to people. Therefore, those who
want diamonds are willing to pay a higher price for one diamond than for one
glass of water, and sellers of diamonds ask a price for one diamond that is
higher than for one glass of water.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Efficiency model<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The Chinese economist Tan Lidong addresses the question
through relative Economic efficiency. noting water is in such large supply in
the world, but in the desert water-taking efficiency is very low, so the value
of water is also high. If someone can invent high efficiency equipment to get
water in the desert, by then the water would be cheap. He avers that value is
determined by efficiency, as well as efficiency affected by tools, labor and
resources.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
He suggests we can calculate the exact value of the water or
the diamond by using efficiency. He takes a historical approach to value, that
exchange ratios have been known for many products for a very long time, and
established by custom and practice. Technological change changes the efficiency
of production, thus changing the relative values.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Criticisms<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
George Stigler has argued that Smith's statement of the
paradox is flawed, since it consisted of a comparison between heterogeneous
goods, and such comparison would have required using the concept of marginal
utility of income. And since this concept was not known in Smith's time, then
the value in use and value in exchange judgement may be meaningless:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The paradox; that value in exchange may exceed or fall short
of value in use was, strictly speaking, a meaningless statement, for Smith had
no basis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>on which he could compare such
heterogeneous quantities. On any reasonable interpretation, moreover, Smith's
statement that value in use could be less than value in exchange was clearly a
moral judgment, not shared by the possessors of diamonds. To avoid not being able to compare money and utility, one may interpret Smith to mean that the
ratio of values of two commodities is not equal to the ratio of their total
utilities. Or, alternatively, that the ratio of the prices of two commodities
is not equal to the ratio of their total utilities; but this also requires an
illegitimate selection of units: The price of what quantity of diamonds is to
be compared with the price of one gallon of water?</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-76359949348953074432014-06-02T00:35:00.000+05:302014-06-02T05:34:28.195+05:30Differential Equations In A Nutshell<div style="text-align: justify;">
A <b><a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-a-Basic-Derivative-of-a-Function" title="Calculate a Basic Derivative of a Function">derivative</a></b> is the <i>rate of change</i> of one quantity with respect to another; for example, the rate at which an object’s <a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Instantaneous-Velocity" title="Calculate Instantaneous Velocity">velocity</a> changes with respect to time (compare to slope). Such rates of change show up frequently in everyday life. For example, the <b><a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Teach-Kids-About-Compound-Interest" title="Teach Kids About Compound Interest">compound interest</a> <a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Explain-the-Difference-Between-Theory,-Law,-and-a-Fact" title="Explain the Difference Between Theory, Law, and a Fact">law</a></b>
states that the velocity of interest accumulation is proportional to
the principal account value, given by dV(t)/dt=rV(t) and V(0)=P, where P
is the initial (principal) account value, V(t), a function of time, is
the current account value (on which interest is continuously assessed),
and r is the interest rate (dt is an instantaneous time interval, dV(t)
is the infinitesimal amount by which V(t) changes in this time, and
their quotient is the accumulation rate). Although credit card interest
is typically compounded daily and described by the <i>APR</i>, <i><a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Get-a-Low-Interest-Rate-Credit-Card" title="Get a Low Interest Rate Credit Card">annual percentage rate</a></i>,
this differential equation can be solved to give the continuous
solution V(t) = Pe^(rt). </div>
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<b>1) </b><b class="whb">Define derivative.</b> Derivative (also called <i>differential quotient</i>; especially British) - the <i>limit of the <a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Ratio" title="Make a Ratio">ratio</a></i> of the increment of a function <i>(generally y)</i> to the increment of a variable <i>(generally x)</i>
in that function, as the latter tends to 0; the instantaneous change of
one quantity with respect to another, as velocity, which is <i>the instantaneous change of distance with respect to time</i>. Compare <i>first derivative</i>, and <i>second derivative</i>:<sup class="reference" id="_ref-1"><a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Solve-Differential-Equations#_note-1">[1]</a></sup></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>First derivative – the derivative of a function, example: <i>"Velocity is the first derivative of distance with respect to time."</i>
</li>
<li>Second derivative – the derivative of the derivative of a function, example: <i>"<a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Acceleration" title="Calculate Acceleration">Acceleration</a> is the second derivative of distance with respect to time."</i> <b><b class="whb"> </b></b></li>
</ul>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2sJqnli95tzYmoCbn6UgyQ4IVnXjV3YQafBmFEnlv3PrelwFpWy0WKiOLsR7SBo6cc28iWVaoZoE6QthkRiyGDjCvp7d1P72FE5x6J502TnaefaaxOeE1kkluqYCxFkAzFIg1gLKHkvY/s1600/670px-Solve-Differential-Equations-Step-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2sJqnli95tzYmoCbn6UgyQ4IVnXjV3YQafBmFEnlv3PrelwFpWy0WKiOLsR7SBo6cc28iWVaoZoE6QthkRiyGDjCvp7d1P72FE5x6J502TnaefaaxOeE1kkluqYCxFkAzFIg1gLKHkvY/s1600/670px-Solve-Differential-Equations-Step-2.jpg" height="227" width="320"></a></div>
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<b>2)<b class="whb"> Know the order and degree of the differential equation.</b></b> The <b>order</b> of a differential equation is determined by the highest order derivative; the <b>degree</b> is determined by the highest power on a variable. For example, the differential equation shown in <i>Figure 1</i> is of second-order, third-degree. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSr8fFU16xmjIMpMOKxcZhQV8IRDEvcgXHvVRCWH7TWsnG57FGPcRmgAD6GBcOmL8pnBXRZxrSDh7EmdNeJGoeKACDirO7fr4AqIW6visR8T_5zto-iNQCHiT0Il9fsTpraFq7WlFJSiE/s1600/670px-Solve-Differential-Equations-Step-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSr8fFU16xmjIMpMOKxcZhQV8IRDEvcgXHvVRCWH7TWsnG57FGPcRmgAD6GBcOmL8pnBXRZxrSDh7EmdNeJGoeKACDirO7fr4AqIW6visR8T_5zto-iNQCHiT0Il9fsTpraFq7WlFJSiE/s1600/670px-Solve-Differential-Equations-Step-3.jpg" height="222" width="320"></a></div>
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<b>3) </b><b class="whb">Know the difference between a <i>general</i>, or <i>complete</i> solution versus a <i>particular</i> solution.</b> A complete solution contains a number of arbitrary constants equal to the order the <a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Solve-a-Simple-Linear-Equation" title="Solve a Simple Linear Equation">equation</a>. (To solve an <i>n</i>th order differential equation, you have to perform <i>n</i>
integrations, and each time you integrate, you have to introduce an
arbitrary constant.) For example, in the compound interest law, the
differential equation dy/dt=ky is of order 1, and its complete solution y
= ce^(kt) has exactly 1 arbitrary constant. A particular solution is
obtained by assigning particular values to the constants in the general
solution.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-71131819211440603252014-06-01T08:43:00.000+05:302014-06-01T08:43:49.256+05:30Control of Mobile Robots - - Week 1 Exercise<div class="course-page-header" style="text-align: justify;">
You got a score of <b>4.00</b> out of <b>5.00</b>.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<form accept-charset="UTF-8" id="quiz_form" method="post">
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
One way of getting a
general feeling for what a differential equation is up to is to look at
the sign and magnitude of the derivative at different points for
different values of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 10px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-3" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.686em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>. Use this idea for the dynamics <br />
<br />
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-4"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 106px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.731em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-5"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-6"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-7"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-8"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-9" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-10" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-11" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-12" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-13" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-14" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-15" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-16" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-17" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-18" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-19"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.849em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.481em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-20" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.417em; position: absolute; top: -2.917em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-21" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">3</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-22" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">.</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.58em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> <br />
<br />
Which one of the plots below (where <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-23"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 6px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.814em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.517em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-24"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-25" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.907em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> is on the ``x-axis" and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-26"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 29px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-27"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-28" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-29" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-30" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-31" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> is on the ``y-axis") was generated by this system? Note that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-32"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 70px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-33"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-34" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-35" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-36" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">0</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-37" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-38" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-39" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">10</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</div>
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<img alt="_image_" height="240" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/conrob/images/Q11D.png" width="320" />
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<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
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<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741a11a1" name="answer[76350afffefa7f0134e36361e995727f][]" type="radio" value="d1d5ab9996aeb101f8c5fc8617809f52" /><img alt="_image_" height="240" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/conrob/images/Q11A.png" width="320" />
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<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation" dir="auto">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The first thing to check is what the axes and the initial condition for each plot is; in our case, these are plots of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-40"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 29px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-41"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-42" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-43" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-44" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-45" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> that start at <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-46"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 56px;"><span style="clip: rect(2.013em, 1000em, 3.201em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-47"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-48"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-49" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.29em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-50" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">0</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-51" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-52" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">10</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.141em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.27em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>. Thus, the correct plot will (at least initially) have a negative rate of change (<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-53"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 101px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-54"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-55"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-56"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-57"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-58" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-59" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-60" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-61" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">0</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-62" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-63" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-64" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">−</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-65" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">1000</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> to be exact). Working through using process of elimination we find the correct plot.</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation" dir="auto">
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<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
One way of modeling epidemics is to describe how the fraction of infected individuals evolves over time. Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-66"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 8px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.757em, 1000em, 2.798em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-67"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-68" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.962em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.071em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> be that fraction, with the model being <br />
<br />
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-10-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-69"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 144px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.727em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-70"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-71"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-72"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-73"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.654em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.757em, 1000em, 2.798em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-74" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.178em; position: absolute; top: -3.14em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-75" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-76" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-77" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.278em;">β<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.007em;"></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-78" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-79" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-80" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">1</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-81" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-82" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-83" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-84" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-85" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">ρ</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-86" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-87" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">.</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.585em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> <br />
<br />
Here, the constants <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-11-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-88"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 10px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.735em, 1000em, 2.992em, -0.513em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-89"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-90" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">β<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.007em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.222em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.304em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-12-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-91"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 9px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 3.014em, -0.513em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-92"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-93" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">ρ</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.932em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.331em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> are the infection and recovery rates, respectively.
What are the possible equilibrium points to this system (values for <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-13-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-94"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 8px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.757em, 1000em, 2.798em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-95"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-96" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.962em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.071em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> when the fraction of infected individuals is not changing)?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
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<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741a5ce5" name="answer[27cdc3320afe49eca237803252570ce3][]" type="radio" value="3e5ee1e57127cb942ed09fb5b637d991" />When <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-14-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-97"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 39px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.996em, 1000em, 3.058em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-98"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-99" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-100" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-101" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.989em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.098em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> or <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-15-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-102"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 101px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-103"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-104" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-105" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-106" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-107" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">β<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.007em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-108" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-109" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">ρ</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-110" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-111"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-112"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-113" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">/</span></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-114" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">β<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.007em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741a6a51" name="answer[27cdc3320afe49eca237803252570ce3][]" type="radio" value="7c13c7a72923f002e6a252091bacb518" />Only when <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-16-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-115"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 101px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-116"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-117" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-118" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-119" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-120" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">β<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.007em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-121" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-122" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">ρ</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-123" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-124"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-125"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-126" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">/</span></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-127" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">β<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.007em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741a73b5" name="answer[27cdc3320afe49eca237803252570ce3][]" type="radio" value="9f173e6ca1e4e62d20199ca0faa86076" />When <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-17-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-128"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 39px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.996em, 1000em, 3.058em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-129"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-130" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-131" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-132" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.989em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.098em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> or <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-18-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-133"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 100px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-134"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-135" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-136" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-137" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">(</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-138" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">1</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-139" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-140" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">β<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.007em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-141" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-142"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-143"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-144" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">/</span></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-145" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">ρ</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741a7c1d" name="answer[27cdc3320afe49eca237803252570ce3][]" type="radio" value="1d2cfd90e9389014f5928b399a43ebb2" />Only when <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-19-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-146"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 100px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-147"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-148" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-149" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-150" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">(</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-151" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">1</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-152" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-153" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">β<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.007em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-154" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-155"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-156"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-157" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">/</span></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-158" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">ρ</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741a84a7" name="answer[27cdc3320afe49eca237803252570ce3][]" type="radio" value="3e98a584241fb9fcffea7a16e25098ca" />Only when <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-20-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-159"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 39px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.996em, 1000em, 3.058em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-160"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-161" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-162" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-163" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.989em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.098em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation" dir="auto">
<b>Question Explanation</b>We need to see what happens when <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-21-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-164"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 28px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-165"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-166" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-167" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-168" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-169" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> does not change, i.e., when <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-22-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-170"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 42px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.727em, 1000em, 3.058em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-171"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-172"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-173"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-174"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.654em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.757em, 1000em, 2.798em, -0.51em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-175" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.178em; position: absolute; top: -3.14em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-176" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-177" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-178" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.311em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.098em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>. So, solve <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-23-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-179"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 137px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.513em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-180"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-181" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">β<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.007em;"></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-182" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-183" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-184" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">1</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-185" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-186" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-187" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-188" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-189" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">ρ</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-190" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">I<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.064em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-191" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-192" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>. This is a 2nd-order polynomial equation, which means it has two solutions (although the two solutions may be the same).</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation" dir="auto">
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
If someone gives you a
possible solution to a differential equation, one of the checks needed
to see if this is indeed a solution is by taking the required number of
derivatives and seeing if the proposed solution does in fact satisfy the
differential equation.
Let<br />
<br />
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-24-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-193"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 115px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.845em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-194"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-195"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-196"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-197"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-198" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.482em, -0.441em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.894em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-199" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">¨</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-200" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-201" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-202" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-203" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-204" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">−</span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-205"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.997em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.521em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-206" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">ω</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.803em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-207" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">2</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-208" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-209" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-210" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-211" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-212" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">.</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.443em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span><br />
<br />
Which of the following options is <i>not</i> a possible solution to this equation?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741acd1a" name="answer[712f40071d2afb9f7e6f521697447be1][]" type="radio" value="cbf4b87748f7856a2b1028ef11a4cce8" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-25-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-213"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 60px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-214"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-215" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-216" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-217" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-218" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-219" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-220" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741ad586" name="answer[712f40071d2afb9f7e6f521697447be1][]" type="radio" value="100373be5e15e4af51fe55f6aff9099b" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-26-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-221"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 103px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-222"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-223" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-224" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-225" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-226" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-227" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-228" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">cos</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-229"></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-230" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-231" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">ω</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-232" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-233" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741ade67" name="answer[712f40071d2afb9f7e6f521697447be1][]" type="radio" value="ae4d13216d0aac4f782df454bbe1ba82" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-27-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-234"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 81px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.873em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-235"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-236" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-237" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-238" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-239" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-240" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-241" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.801em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.497em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-242" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">e</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.476em; position: absolute; top: -2.803em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-243"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-244"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-245" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-246" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">ω</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-247" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">t</span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.41em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741aeb85" name="answer[712f40071d2afb9f7e6f521697447be1][]" type="radio" value="fac047df3ccdccb16e6b8baadc60f102" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-28-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-248"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 101px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-249"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-250" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-251" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-252" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-253" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-254" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-255" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">sin</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-256"></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-257" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-258" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">ω</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-259" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-260" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741af4a9" name="answer[712f40071d2afb9f7e6f521697447be1][]" type="radio" value="9fa912bbfd44c986584f6419547f80e7" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-29-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-261"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 187px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-262"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-263" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-264" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-265" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-266" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-267" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-268" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.278em;">ω</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-269" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.167em;">sin</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-270"></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-271" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-272" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">ω</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-273" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-274" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-275" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-276" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">cos</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-277"></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-278" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-279" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">ω</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-280" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-281" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation" dir="auto">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Plugging in each function and
differentiating twice we get a second derivative that is not the same as
the function in the question for one of the choices.</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation" dir="auto">
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
We saw that the model of a cruise-controller could be given by <br />
<br />
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-30-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-282"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 105px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.937em, 1000em, 3.388em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-283"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-284"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-285"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-286"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-287" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-288" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-289" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mfrac" id="MathJax-Span-290" style="padding-left: 0.398em; padding-right: 0.12em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.715em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.89em, 1000em, 2.567em, -0.512em); left: 50%; margin-left: -0.149em; position: absolute; top: -2.81em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-291" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">c</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.381em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(1.89em, 1000em, 2.567em, -0.521em); left: 50%; margin-left: -0.298em; position: absolute; top: -2.036em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-292" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">m</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.381em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(0.818em, 1000em, 1.25em, -0.536em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -1.291em;"><span style="border-left: 0.715em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.25px; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0px;"></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 1.071em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-293" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.167em;">u</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-294" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-295" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">γ<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.025em;"></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-296" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-297" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">,</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.456em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.495em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> <br />
<br />
where <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-31-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-298"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 10px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.515em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-299"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-300" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">u</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.686em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> is the input, <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-32-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-301"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 10px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-302"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-303" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.686em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> is the speed of the car, and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-33-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-304"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 46px;"><span style="clip: rect(2.237em, 1000em, 3.252em, -0.502em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-305"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-306" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">c</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-307" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">,</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-308" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.167em;">m</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-309" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">,</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-310" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.167em;">γ<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.025em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.932em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.331em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> are constant parameters.
If there was no wind resistance in the cruise-control model <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-34-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-311"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 53px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.442em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-312"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-313" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-314" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">γ<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.025em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-315" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-316" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-317" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>, what would the steady-state values be for the velocity <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-35-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-318"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 10px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-319"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-320" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.686em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> when using a pure <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-36-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-321"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 14px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.757em, 1000em, 2.798em, -0.503em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-322"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-323" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">D</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.962em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.071em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>-regulator, i.e., when <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-37-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-324"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 188px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.515em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-325"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-326" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">u</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-327" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-328" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.278em;">k</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-329"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-330"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-331"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.532em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.497em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-332" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">e</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.056em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-333" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-334" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-335" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.278em;">k</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-336" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-337"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-338"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-339"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.532em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.515em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-340" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">r</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.056em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-341" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-342" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-343" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-344"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-345"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-346" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-347" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-348" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-349" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-350" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-351" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">k</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-352"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-353"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-354"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-355" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-356" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> (since <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-38-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-357"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 8px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.515em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-358"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-359" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">r</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.686em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> is constant)?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741b375b" name="answer[f622bbfcae364637f4ffdf0f3c3ad752][]" type="radio" value="7737f425b5e2766222ee2fbb45fcb92f" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-39-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-360"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 70px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-361"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-362" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-363" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-364" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">∞</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-365" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-366" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-367" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741b40b0" name="answer[f622bbfcae364637f4ffdf0f3c3ad752][]" type="radio" value="116366c08581a4b4d65ae49bf6f03690" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-40-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-368"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 69px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-369"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-370" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-371" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-372" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">∞</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-373" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-374" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-375" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.278em;">r</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741b4a15" name="answer[f622bbfcae364637f4ffdf0f3c3ad752][]" type="radio" value="10eb9af931dad724467a2dfce43297f9" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-41-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-376"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 69px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-377"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-378" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-379" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-380" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">∞</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-381" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-382" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-383" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.278em;">r</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741b5378" name="answer[f622bbfcae364637f4ffdf0f3c3ad752][]" type="radio" value="ec4c51e99a20aa0012ea4d9cd2462940" />Impossible to say</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741b5c1e" name="answer[f622bbfcae364637f4ffdf0f3c3ad752][]" type="radio" value="27620e41d7ed2d9743c3febff539d65b" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-42-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-384"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 39px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-385"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-386" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-387" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">(</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-388" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">∞</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-389" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">)</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> less than <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-43-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-390"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 8px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.515em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-391"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-392" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">r</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.686em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation" dir="auto">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Plugging in our choice of controller <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-44-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-393"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 64px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.968em, 1000em, 3.047em, -0.515em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-394"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-395" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">u</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-396" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-397" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-398" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">k</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-399"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-400"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-401"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-402" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-403" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.009em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-45-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-404"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 40px;"><span style="clip: rect(2.013em, 1000em, 3.252em, -0.525em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-405"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-406" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">γ<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.025em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-407" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-408" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.201em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.331em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> as well we get: <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-46-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-409"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 86px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.937em, 1000em, 3.388em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-410"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-411"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-412"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-413"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-414" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-415" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-416" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-417" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-418" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">k</span><span class="mfrac" id="MathJax-Span-419" style="padding-left: 0.287em; padding-right: 0.12em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.715em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.89em, 1000em, 2.567em, -0.512em); left: 50%; margin-left: -0.149em; position: absolute; top: -2.81em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-420" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">c</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.381em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(1.89em, 1000em, 2.567em, -0.521em); left: 50%; margin-left: -0.298em; position: absolute; top: -2.036em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-421" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">m</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.381em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(0.818em, 1000em, 1.25em, -0.536em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -1.291em;"><span style="border-left: 0.715em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.25px; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: 0em; width: 0px;"></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 1.071em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-422" style="padding-left: 0.167em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-423"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-424"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-425" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-426" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.456em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.495em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>, which is no longer a differential equation. Think in terms of discrete time: <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-47-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-427"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 142px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.845em, 1000em, 3.244em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-428"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-429"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.92em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-430" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.29em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-431"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-432"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-433" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">k</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-434" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">+</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-435" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">1</span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-436" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-437" style="padding-left: 0.278em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-438" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.231em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-439" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">k</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.381em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-440" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">+</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-441" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; padding-left: 0.222em;">d<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.003em;"></span></span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-442" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">t</span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-443"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-444"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-445" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">`</span></span></span><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-446"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-447"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-448" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">`</span></span></span><span class="msup" id="MathJax-Span-449"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.087em;"><span style="clip: rect(3.099em, 1000em, 4.178em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -3.988em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-450"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-451"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-452"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-453" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-454" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 3.988em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.878em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-455" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">′′</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.393em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.321em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> but what is <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-48-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-456"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 10px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.373em, 1000em, 2.451em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.262em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-457"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-458"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-459"><span class="munderover" id="MathJax-Span-460"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.595em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-461" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="clip: rect(2.01em, 1000em, 2.487em, -0.346em); left: 0.087em; position: absolute; top: -2.899em;"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-462" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">˙</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.262em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.009em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> now? And how can we determine <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-49-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-463"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 10px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-464"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-465" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.686em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> now?</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation" dir="auto">
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
Question 5</h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
Let a discrete-time system be given by <br />
<br />
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-50-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-466"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 169px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.929em, 1000em, 3.286em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-467"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-468"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.92em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-469" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.29em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-470"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-471"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-472" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">k</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-473" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">+</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-474" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">1</span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-475" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-476" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">max</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-477" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">{</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-478" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">0</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-479" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">,</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-480" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.167em;">5</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-481" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.222em;">−</span><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-482" style="padding-left: 0.222em;"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-483" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.231em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-484" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">k</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.381em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-485" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">}</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-486" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">.</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.343em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.371em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span><br />
<br />
If this system starts at <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-51-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-487"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 56px;"><span style="clip: rect(2.013em, 1000em, 3.201em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-488"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-489"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-490" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.29em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-491" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">0</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-492" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-493" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">10</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.141em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.27em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>, what happens to the state of the system?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741ba7f5" name="answer[1f29979f893260ef19024e3152ecc8b5][]" type="radio" value="2d169802cb07fe7acbbaab20ab1b20b1" />It keeps switching between 0 and -5</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741bb1cd" name="answer[1f29979f893260ef19024e3152ecc8b5][]" type="radio" value="95a4862e894563a74cb9b9202594d041" />It keeps growing from 10 up to <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-52-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-494"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 17px;"><span style="clip: rect(2.237em, 1000em, 3.047em, -0.481em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-495"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-496" style="font-family: MathJax_Main;">∞</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.686em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.085em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741bbc70" name="answer[1f29979f893260ef19024e3152ecc8b5][]" type="radio" value="c70976edf8e997bd49f86e4ca0b2f138" /> It jumps down to <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-53-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-497"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 48px;"><span style="clip: rect(2.013em, 1000em, 3.186em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-498"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-499"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-500" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.29em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-501" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">1</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-502" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-503" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.122em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.251em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> and increases up by one until <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-54-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-504"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 48px;"><span style="clip: rect(2.013em, 1000em, 3.201em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-505"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-506"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-507" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.29em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-508" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">5</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-509" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-510" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">5</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.141em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.27em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> and then jumps back to 0 again (and the process repeats)</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741bc543" name="answer[1f29979f893260ef19024e3152ecc8b5][]" type="radio" value="06f8efddf86cd58fefd5794dd9a5ae15" />It keeps switching between 0 and 5</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_538a9741bd254" name="answer[1f29979f893260ef19024e3152ecc8b5][]" type="radio" value="9fae42387d3594818c86fff23c62b8b8" />It jumps down to <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-55-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-511"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 48px;"><span style="clip: rect(2.013em, 1000em, 3.186em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-512"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-513"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-514" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.29em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-515" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">1</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-516" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-517" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.122em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.251em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> and remains at 0 for ever</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation" dir="auto">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Start by plugging in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-56-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-518"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 56px;"><span style="clip: rect(2.013em, 1000em, 3.201em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.857em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-519"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-520"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-521" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.29em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-522" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">0</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-523" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-524" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; padding-left: 0.278em;">10</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.857em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.141em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.27em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>. Find <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-57-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-525"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 17px;"><span style="clip: rect(1.641em, 1000em, 2.59em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.262em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-526"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-527"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.027em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.998em, 1000em, 2.809em, -0.501em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.619em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-528" style="font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic;">x</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.619em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.595em; position: absolute; top: -2.29em;"><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-529" style="font-family: MathJax_Main; font-size: 70.7%;">1</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.262em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.853em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.251em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>.
Keep plugging in, using this discrete update rule, until you see the
pattern start to repeat. Be careful -- it's easy to make simple
mistakes in your addition!</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-41052823879395635612014-05-18T11:10:00.000+05:302014-06-03T15:51:00.385+05:30Fun with Python: Rock-Paper-Scissors-Lizard-Spock<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Rock-paper-scissors
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<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Scissors cuts paper</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Paper covers rock</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Rock-paper-scissors
is a surprisingly popular game that many people play seriously (see the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_paper_scissors" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Wikipedia article</span></a><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> for details). Due to the fact that a tie
happens around 1/3 of the time, several variants of Rock-Paper-Scissors exist
that include more choices to make ties more unlikely.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock
(RPSLS) is a variant of Rock-paper-scissors that allows five choices. Each
choice wins against two other choices, loses against two other choices and ties
against itself. Much of RPSLS's popularity is that it has been featured in 3
episodes of the TV series "The Big Bang Theory". The </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Wikipedia entry</span></a><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> for RPSLS
gives the complete description of the details of the game.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In our first
mini-project, we will build a Python function </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">rpsls(name)</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> that takes as input the string </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">name</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, which is one
of </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"rock"</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">,</span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"paper"</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"scissors"</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"lizard"</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, or </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">"Spock"</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. The function then simulates playing a round of
Rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock by generating its own random choice from these
alternatives and then determining the winner using a simple rule that we will
next describe.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">While
Rock-paper-scissor-lizard-Spock has a set of ten rules that logically determine
who wins a round of RPSLS, coding up these rules would require a large number
(5x5=25) of </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">if</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">elif</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">else</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> clauses in your mini-project
code. A simpler method for determining the winner is to assign each of the five
choices a number:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">0 — rock</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1 — Spock</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2 — paper</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3 — lizard</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4 — scissors</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In this expanded
list, each choice wins against the preceding two choices and loses against the
following two choices.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 31.5pt; margin: 7.9pt 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: white;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="t2"></a><b><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mini-project
development process</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Build a helper
function </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">name_to_number(name)</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> that converts the string </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">name</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> into a number between 0 and 4 as described above. This function
should use a sequence of </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">if</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">elif</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">/</span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">else</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> clauses. You can use conditions
of the form </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">name == 'paper'</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, etc. to distinguish the cases.To
make debugging your code easier, we suggest including a final </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">else</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> clause that catches cases when</span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">name</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> does not match any of the five
correct input strings and prints an appropriate error message.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Next, you should
build a second helper function </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">number_to_name(num)</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> that converts
a number in the range 0 to 4 into its corresponding name as a string. Again, we
suggest including a final </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">else</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> clause that catches cases
when </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">number</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> is not in the correct range.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Build the first
part of the main function </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">rpsls(name)</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> that
converts </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">name</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> into the number </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">player_number</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> between 0 and 4 using the helper function </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">name_to_number</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Build the second
part of </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">rpsls(name)</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> that generates a random
number </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">comp_number</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> between 0 and 4 using the
function</span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">random.randrange()</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. I suggest experimenting with </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">randrange</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in a separate CodeSkulptor window before deciding on how to call
it to make sure that you do not accidently generate numbers in the wrong range.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Build the last part
of </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">rpsls(name)</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> that determines and prints out
the winner. This test is actually very simple if you use the remainder
operation (</span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">%</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in Python) to the difference between </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">comp_number</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">player_number</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. If this is not
immediately obvious to you, I would suggest reviewing the "More
operations" and "RPSLS" videos on remainders and modular
arithmetic as well as experimenting with the remainder operator </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">%</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in a separate CodeSkulptor window to understand its behavior.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 18.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Using the helper
function </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">number_to_name</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, you should produce four </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">print</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> statements; print a blank line, print out the player's choice,
print out the computer's choice and print out the winner.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: white;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This will be the
only mini-project in the class that is not an interactive game. Since we have
not yet learned enough to allow you to play the game interactively, you will
simply call your </span><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">rpsls</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> function repeatedly in the
program with different player choices. You will see that we have provided five
such calls at the bottom of the template. Running your program repeatedly
should generate different computer guesses and different winners each time.
While you are testing, feel free to modify those calls, but make sure they are
restored when you hand in your mini-project, as your peer assessors will expect
them to be there.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The output of
running your program should have the following form:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Player chooses rock</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Computer chooses scissors</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Player wins!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Player chooses Spock</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Computer chooses lizard</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Computer wins!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Player chooses paper</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Computer chooses lizard</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Computer wins!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Player chooses lizard</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Computer chooses scissors</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Computer wins!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Player chooses scissors</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Computer chooses Spock</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% whitesmoke; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Consolas; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Computer wins!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 7.9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><b>Answer : <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.codeskulptor.org/#user32_KbRhcfM1LZ_6.py" target="_blank">Access my code here</a></span></b></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-63238987584159048772014-05-06T07:10:00.000+05:302014-05-06T07:10:07.589+05:30Fun with Python : Magic Eight Ball<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #e69138;">import</span> random<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">import</span> sys<br />
<br />
answers = ([<span style="color: lime;">"GET THE FUCK OFF, I'M NOT ANSWERING THAT!",<br /> "ARE YOU HIGH? NAH!! NOT GONNA HAPPEN, BRO!"<br /> "OF COURSE. YOU ARE A CUTIE PIE!"<br /> "FUCK YOU! YOUR STUPIDITY LEVEL IS OVER 9000."<br /> "HELL, YEAH!"<br /> "FUCKING NO."<br /> "DEFINITELY."<br /> "THERE'S A 50% CHANCE"<br /> "FLIP A COIN. NOW GO AWAY!"<br /> "DON'T COUNT ON IT."<br /> "TAKE A DUMP AND THEN ASK AGAIN, MAYBE?"<br /> "IF IT'S MEANT TO BE, IT'S MEANT TO BE."</span>])<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">"WELCOME TO MAGIC FUCKING EIGHT BALL!!"</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">"WHAT THE HELL IS YOUR QUESTION?"</span>)<br />
question = <span style="color: #a64d79;">input</span>()<br />
<br />
fuck = 1<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">while</span> fuck == 1:<br />
x = random.choice(answers)<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">"MY ANSWER IS: "</span> , x)<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">"IF YOU WANT TO EXIT, TYPE QUIT OR ASK AGAIN"</span>)<br />
question = <span style="color: #a64d79;">input</span>()<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if </span>question == <span style="color: lime;">'quit'</span>:<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">quit</span> = sys.exit(<span style="color: lime;">"DIE ALONE, YOU MORON!"</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if </span>question == <span style="color: lime;">'QUIT'</span>:<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">quit</span> = sys.exit([<span style="color: lime;">"DIE ALONE, YOU MORON!"</span>])</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-75704813773222556932014-05-06T02:49:00.000+05:302014-05-06T03:28:30.489+05:30Fun with Python: Hangman Game<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #e69138;">import </span>random</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #cc0000;">#We should use the random library to choose a random word.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #cc0000;">#Add "import random" to the top of your program</span><br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;">#Change the line that sets up the secret so that it looks like below</span><br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;">#The square brackets [ ] and commas make a list</span><br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;">#And the random.choice picks one thing randomly from the list.</span><br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #cc0000;">#If you need to load a List from the Internet, follow the three steps below </span><br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;">#import urllib.request</span><br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;">#animals = urllib.request.urlopen('http://davidbau.com/data/animals') .read() .decode("utf8") .split()</span><br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;">#secret = random.choice(animals)</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">"LET'S PLAY HANGMAN, BITCHES. OR DIE!!"</span>)<br />
secret = random.choice([<span style="color: lime;">'elephant', 'lion', 'horse', 'mouse', 'tiger', 'panda', 'turtle','beaver'</span>])<br />
guesses = <span style="color: lime;">'aeiou'</span><br />
turns = 7<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">while</span> turns > 0:<br />
missed = 0<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">for</span> letter <span style="color: #e69138;">in</span> secret:<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if </span>letter <span style="color: #e69138;">in </span>guesses:<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(letter, end=" ")<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">else</span>:<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">'_'</span>, end=<span style="color: lime;">" "</span>)<br />
missed +=1<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;">#You need to indent everything under the "while" command to make this work.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">#So you will need to add some spaces in front of most of your program.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;">#Let's also move the guessing after the hint instead of before.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;">#The command "turns -= 1" means subtract one from "turns," so if it used to be 5, it will be 4.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">#Then the next time around it will be 3 and so on. When turns is finally zero, the "while" command will stop repeating. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if</span> missed == 0:<br />
<span style="color: red;">#The "missed" number counts how many blanks still missing. If it is zero, it means we won.</span><br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">"YOU WIN, DUMBASS!!"</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">break</span> <span style="color: red;">#And the "break" command breaks out of the "while" section early</span><br />
<br />
guess = <span style="color: #a64d79;">input</span>(<span style="color: lime;">"GUESS A LETTER, YOU MORON: "</span>)<br />
<span style="color: red;">#To let the player guess we will use a function called "input()" </span><br />
guesses += guess<br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;"> #The 'guesses += guess' line adds the guess to the string of guesses.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"> #If the string of guesses was "aeiou" and the new guess is "c", then the string of guesses will become "aeiouc"</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if </span>guess <span style="color: #e69138;">not in</span> secret: <br />
turns -=1<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">"NOOOOOOOOO!!"</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(turns, <span style="color: lime;">"MORE TURNS"</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if</span> turns < 7: <span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">" 0 "</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if</span> turns < 6: <span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">" | "</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if</span> turns < 5: <span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">" \_|_/ "</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if</span> turns < 4: <span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">" | "</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if</span> turns < 3: <span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">" | "</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if</span> turns < 2: <span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">" / \ "</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if </span>turns < 1: <span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">" d b "</span>)<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">if </span>turns == 0:<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;">print</span>(<span style="color: lime;">"YOU ARE AN IDIOT! THE ANSWER IS"</span>, secret)<br />
<span style="color: red;">#The "if guess not in secret" line checks if the guess was wrong.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">#We only count down the "turns" if our guess was wrong</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">#When we guess wrong, we also print a bunch of stuff like "Nooooooo!!"</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">#Along with how many more turns we have.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">#When we are wrong for the last time, we print the secret. </span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-18969210049419420372014-04-09T04:41:00.001+05:302014-05-18T11:23:27.618+05:30Learn to Program : The Fundamentals - Feedback — Final Exam<h2 class="course-page-header" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score of <b>8.00</b> out of <b>13.00</b></span>
</h2>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 1</u></span></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Select the expression(s) that evaluate to an <code>int</code> value.</span></div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd72a509" name="answer[6f71e58598e0880b98de0fcc84440b4d][]" type="checkbox" value="8da1e8c7d5c03d3015a5824380ff7391" /><code>3 // 4</code></span></span>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;">0.25</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd72b14d" name="answer[6f71e58598e0880b98de0fcc84440b4d][]" type="checkbox" value="3f634bd91d3225c18c025d4b7fd0f24e" /><code>3 / 4</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd72be91" name="answer[6f71e58598e0880b98de0fcc84440b4d][]" type="checkbox" value="3ab06a85abeb428e38ee53c0bc516896" /><code>7 + 8.5</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd72cae0" name="answer[6f71e58598e0880b98de0fcc84440b4d][]" type="checkbox" value="fe42874605438b9260aeeb4f8b2069c7" /><code>8 % 6</code></span></span>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #f1c232;">0.25</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 2</u></span></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this code:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">x = 2
y = 3 - x
x = 3</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
After the code above has been executed, what value does <code>y</code> refer to?</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd72f1ac">Answer for Question 2</label></span>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd72f1ac" name="answer[331d1cd81987a09b9679c0251d796808][answer]" readonly="readonly">1</textarea></span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 3</u></span></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this code:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def f(x):
y = x * 3
return y - x
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
What value is returned by a call on function <code>f</code> with argument <code>10</code>?</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd73393e">Answer for Question 3</label></span>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd73393e" name="answer[46f9dd6279bfea4b18c2cfa62c9fc263][answer]" readonly="readonly">20</textarea></span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">20</span></td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 4</u></span></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this code:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">start = 'L'
middle = 8
end = 'R'
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Write an expression that evaluates to the string <code>'L8R'</code> using only the variables <code>start</code>, <code>middle</code>, <code>end</code>, one call on function <code>str</code>, and string concatenation.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Do not use unnecessary parentheses: you need them for the function call, but nothing else.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd737884">Answer for Question 4</label></span>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd737884" name="answer[4cf3f2d78b05049baa5802dff122bf49][answer]" readonly="readonly">start + str(middle) + end</textarea></span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">start + str(middle) + end</span></td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 5</u></span></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this function:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def count_max_letters(s1, s2, letter):
'''(str, str, str) -> int
s1 and s2 are strings, and letter is a string of length 1. Count how many
times letter appears in s1 and in s2, and return the bigger of the two
counts.
>>> count_max_letters('hello', 'world', 'l')
2
>>> count_max_letters('cat', 'abracadabra', 'a')
5
'''
return # CODE MISSING HERE
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The expression for the <code>return</code> statement is missing. Write that expression below. Use only the parameters, one call on function <code>max</code>, and two calls on <code>str</code> method <code>count</code>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Do not use unnecessary parentheses: you need them for the function and method calls, but nothing else. Do not include the word <code>return</code>; just write the expression.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd73bbc5">Answer for Question 5</label></span>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd73bbc5" name="answer[10098f5fce6079917716fb5bfd87c5a3][answer]" readonly="readonly">max(s1.count(letter), s2.count(letter))</textarea></span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">max(s1.count(letter), s2.count(letter))</span></td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 6</u></span></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this function:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def same_length(L1, L2):
'''(list, list) -> bool
Return True if and only if L1 and L2 contain the same number of elements.
'''
if len(L1) == len(L2):
return True
else:
return False
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The function works, but the <code>if</code> statement can be replaced with a single <code>return</code> statement:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;"> return # CODE MISSING HERE</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Write the missing expression. Use only the parameters, two calls on function <code>len</code>, and operator <code>==</code> once.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Do not use unnecessary parentheses: you need them for the function calls, but nothing else. Do not include the word <code>return</code>; just write the expression.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd7401df">Answer for Question 6</label></span>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd7401df" name="answer[0245bed924745038f44f2b8f5492a328][answer]" readonly="readonly">len(L1) == len(L2)</textarea></span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">len(L1) == len(L2)</span></td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 7</u></span></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider these two functions; we provide only the headers, type contracts, and a precondition:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def burble(a, b):
'''(int, float) -> str'''
</span></pre>
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def snorgle(L):
'''(list of str) -> float
Precondition: L has at least one element.'''
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Below are code fragments that call these two functions in various
ways. Select the code fragment(s) below that are valid according to the
function headers and the type contracts.</span></div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd745c22" name="answer[7d3afa43bfd6d35617d10443b6eec3ec][]" type="checkbox" value="ef0a2da05628c160b0f0801e402b9394" /></span></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">burble(burble(1, 1.0), 'b')</span></span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd74692f" name="answer[7d3afa43bfd6d35617d10443b6eec3ec][]" type="checkbox" value="9e0865c5dcb5ed15f9bc71645b80c298" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">burble(len(burble(1, 2.2)), 3.3)</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd747571" name="answer[7d3afa43bfd6d35617d10443b6eec3ec][]" type="checkbox" value="6c338e6ac8a2a58ea9ad3eb8832ceb58" /></span></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">burble([snorgle(1, 1.0), 'b'])</span></span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd748239" name="answer[7d3afa43bfd6d35617d10443b6eec3ec][]" type="checkbox" value="f75ecb7cdd74cef05ef276731859ad71" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">burble(8 // 3, snorgle(['a', 'b', 'c']))</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 8</u></span></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this code:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def gather_every_nth(L, n):
'''(list, int) -> list
Return a new list containing every n'th element in L, starting at index 0.
Precondition: n >= 1
>>> gather_every_nth([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 3)
[0, 3]
>>> gather_every_nth(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i'], 2)
['a', 'c', 'e', 'g', 'i']
'''
result = []
i = 0
while i < len(L):
result.append(L[i])
i = # CODE MISSING HERE
return result
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Write the missing expression. Do not use parentheses. Do not include "<code>i =</code>". Just write the missing expression.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd74aca8">Answer for Question 8</label></span>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd74aca8" name="answer[64c957db63ae977127b562acdc6ce5d0][answer]" readonly="readonly">i + n</textarea></span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">i + n</span></td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 9</u></span></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this code:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def get_keys(L, d):
'''(list, dict) -> list
Return a new list containing all the items in L that are keys in d.
>>> get_keys([1, 2, 'a'], {'a': 3, 1: 2, 4: 'w'})
['a', 1]
'''
result = []
for # CODE MISSING HERE
if k in L:
result.append(k)
return result
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Write the missing code for the first line of the <code>for</code> loop — everything after the word "for", up to and including the colon <code>:</code>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Do not use any parentheses, and do not call any functions or methods.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd74ee8f">Answer for Question 9</label></span>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd74ee8f" name="answer[db4b6873f7857852ef4f70e8b4b89d5a][answer]" readonly="readonly">for k in L:</textarea></span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">for k in L:</span></td>
<td alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Incorrect</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 10</u></span></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this code:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def are_lengths_of_strs(L1, L2):
'''(list of int, list of str) -> bool
Return True if and only if all the ints in L1 are the lengths of the strings
in L2 at the corresponding positions.
Precondition: len(L1) == len(L2)
>>> are_lengths_of_strs([4, 0, 2], ['abcd', '', 'ef'])
True
'''
result = True
for i in range(len(L1)):
if # CODE MISSING HERE
result = False
return result
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Write the missing code for the <code>if</code> statement — everything after the word "if", up to and including the colon <code>:</code>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Your answer should be of the form <code>expr1 != expr2:</code>, where <code>expr1</code> and <code>expr2</code> are expressions. Use only variables <code>i</code>, <code>L1</code>, <code>L2</code>, indexing, and function <code>len</code>.
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
Do not use parentheses except for the call on <code>len</code>.
</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd753219">Answer for Question 10</label></span>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd753219" name="answer[14d0937a81bcf54158ff0945e0a8fa1d][answer]" readonly="readonly">(i != len(L2[i])):</textarea></span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(i != len(L2[i])):</span></td>
<td alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Incorrect</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 11</u></span></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this function (the body is not included; base your answer on the docstring):</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def double_last_value(L):
'''(list of int) -> NoneType
Double the value at L[-1]. For example, if L[-1] is 3,
replace it with 6.
Precondition: len(L) >= 1.
'''
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">And this code:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">L1 = [1, 3, 5]
double_last_value(L1)
print(L1[-1])
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
Enter the number that gets printed.
</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd757365">Answer for Question 11</label></span>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd757365" name="answer[7fa7927f2ab6d91de42dc66ba0d6bc7a][answer]" readonly="readonly">0, 4, 8</textarea></span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">0, 4, 8</span></td>
<td alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Incorrect</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 12</u></span></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this function:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def get_negative_nonnegative_lists(L):
'''(list of list of int) -> tuple of (list of int, list of int)
Return a tuple where the first item is a list of the negative ints in the
inner lists of L and the second item is a list of the non-negative ints
in those inner lists.
Precondition: the number of rows in L is the same as the number of
columns.
>>> get_negative_nonnegative_lists([[-1, 3, 5], [2, -4, 5], [4, 0, 8]])
([-1, -4], [3, 5, 2, 5, 4, 0, 8])
'''
nonneg = []
neg = []
for row in range(len(L)):
for col in range(len(L)):
# CODE MISSING HERE
return (neg, nonneg)
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Select the code fragment(s) that correctly complete this function.</span></div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd75d068" name="answer[439c018e1918be21cc9d052cea8a94c3][]" type="checkbox" value="37fae217903076f94b421c75dfcc88e1" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;"> if L[row][col] < 0:
neg.append(L[row][col])
nonneg.append(L[row][col])
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.20</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd75dc24" name="answer[439c018e1918be21cc9d052cea8a94c3][]" type="checkbox" value="5a7e05517a9960696a7b0615f8894860" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;"> if L[row][col] > 0:
nonneg.append(L[row][col])
else:
neg.append(L[row][col])
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.20</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd75e830" name="answer[439c018e1918be21cc9d052cea8a94c3][]" type="checkbox" value="516e3086e91ecff6a78682f3e18ff1d6" /></span></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"> val = L[row][col]
if val < 0:
neg.append(val)
else:
nonneg.append(val)
</span></span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.20</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd75f5c3" name="answer[439c018e1918be21cc9d052cea8a94c3][]" type="checkbox" value="f03b76947b5d8ec47f22d1104429d4f5" /></span></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"> if L[row][col] < 0:
neg.append(L[row][col])
elif L[row][col] >= 0:
nonneg.append(L[row][col])
</span></span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.20</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr data-randomizable-option="data-randomizable-option">
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_53447fd7601c4" name="answer[439c018e1918be21cc9d052cea8a94c3][]" type="checkbox" value="57415906997f2723687fc5d2448d9616" /></span></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"> if 0 <= L[row][col]:
nonneg.append(L[row][col])
else:
neg.append(L[row][col])
</span></span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.20</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><u>Question 13</u></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span>
<div style="float: none; text-align: justify; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" dir="auto">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Consider this code:</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def count_chars(s):
'''(str) -> dict of {str: int}
Return a dictionary where the keys are the characters in s and the values
are how many times those characters appear in s.
>>> count_chars('abracadabra')
{'a': 5, 'r': 2, 'b': 2, 'c': 1, 'd': 1}
'''
d = {}
for c in s:
if not (c in d):
# CODE MISSING HERE
else:
d[c] = d[c] + 1
return d
</span></pre>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Write the missing assignment statement. Do not call any functions or methods. Do not use unnecessary parentheses.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><label class="hidden" for="gensym_53447fd762930">Answer for Question 13</label></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span>
<div style="padding: 5px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>You entered:</b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><textarea class="course-quiz-input" dir="auto" id="gensym_53447fd762930" name="answer[60b937ea2f58bf134bba0207d624f70d][answer]" readonly="readonly">d = {c : c.count(s)}</textarea></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer" dir="auto"><span style="font-size: x-small;">d = {c : c.count(s)}</span></td>
<td alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Incorrect</span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.00 / 1.00</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-88962127696512330032013-10-27T20:45:00.001+05:302014-05-18T11:23:41.325+05:30Learn to Program : The Fundamentals - Week 7 Exercise<div id="course-page-content" role="main" style="text-align: justify;">
<h2 class="course-page-header">
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">Score of </span><b style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">12.00</b><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;"> out of </span><b style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">12.00</b><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light', HelveticaNeue-Light, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px;">.</span></h2>
<form id="quiz_form" method="post">
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>>>> d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
>>> # CODE MISSING HERE
>>> d
{'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2}
</pre>
Write the missing assignment statement that that modifies the dictionary
as shown. (Just write the assignment statement; don't write the <code>>>></code> part.)</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_525866bb24ed8">Answer for Question 1</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_525866bb24ed8" name="answer[e5261e7801b2ea2ecfddfe4f4541de5e][answer]" readonly="readonly">d['c'] = 3</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">d['c'] = 3</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>You need to add <code>'c'</code> as a key and 3 as the value associated with that key.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>>>> d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
>>> # CODE MISSING HERE
>>> d
{'a': 1, 'b': 3}
</pre>
Write the missing assignment statement that modifies the dictionary as
shown. (Just write the assignment statement; don't write the <code>>>></code> part.)</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_525866bb2a7d9">Answer for Question 2</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_525866bb2a7d9" name="answer[239f2152249522044bc2c44af8a8a484][answer]" readonly="readonly">d['b'] = 3</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">d['b'] = 3</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>You need to replace the value associated with key <code>'b'</code>.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>>>> d = {'a': [1, 3], 'b': [5, 7]}
# CODE MISSING HERE
>>> d
{'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': [5, 7]}
</pre>
Select the option(s) that would lead to this result. Hint: call <code>help</code> on <code>insert</code>, <code>append</code>, and <code>sort</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb311ee" name="answer[5439a3178e8c0e040fabb61ecb99dc2f][]" type="checkbox" value="2c9172421a6a820cd3e10a75ec50c631" /><br />
<pre>d['a'].insert(2, 1)</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>Look up the help for method <code>insert</code>. In which order are the parameters?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb31f06" name="answer[5439a3178e8c0e040fabb61ecb99dc2f][]" type="checkbox" value="bf001aedda2029e46a94fe9495fec2ff" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">d['a'].insert(1, 2)</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb32d16" name="answer[5439a3178e8c0e040fabb61ecb99dc2f][]" type="checkbox" value="ddbc5c8cfeb519bac892fef47963cdab" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">d['a'].append(2)
d['a'].sort()</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb33a27" name="answer[5439a3178e8c0e040fabb61ecb99dc2f][]" type="checkbox" value="2783ae9074dbf53817d23cfb07c48131" /><br />
<pre>d['a'].append(2)</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>This doesn't put the 2 between the 1 and the 3.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>What does <code>d['a']</code> evaluate to?<br />
What happens when you append an item to a list and then sort that list?</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this assignment statement:
<br />
<pre>d = {'a': 1, 'c': 3, 'b': 2}</pre>
Select the expression(s) that evaluate to <code>True</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb385f5" name="answer[f0b1aad0521de48936c7ea20d9657c14][]" type="checkbox" value="33c1c4679ef0079ac2b7130882abd9de" /><code>"b" in d</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb3931c" name="answer[f0b1aad0521de48936c7ea20d9657c14][]" type="checkbox" value="248a1e1bc3c200e7b0b99afb4082ab52" /><code>'b' in d</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb3a105" name="answer[f0b1aad0521de48936c7ea20d9657c14][]" type="checkbox" value="aca4e445cc8cf76c0d940b7a215e4e8c" /><code>2 in d</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb3af30" name="answer[f0b1aad0521de48936c7ea20d9657c14][]" type="checkbox" value="b2b229c7fa046486a4baadc5af6859d5" /><code>'B' in d</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Python treats single- and double-quoted strings as being equivalent.<br />
Operator <code>in</code> checks whether something is a key in a dictionary. It does not check whether something is a value in a dictionary.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>d = {'a': [1, 3], 'b': [5, 7, 9], 'c': [11]}</pre>
Select the expression(s) that evaluate to <code>3</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb3fb76" name="answer[2c1566a63fc49067765652002bc9cd9a][]" type="checkbox" value="7388de1a395479e5a1e880028d80d5f8" /><code>len(d['b'])</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb4098c" name="answer[2c1566a63fc49067765652002bc9cd9a][]" type="checkbox" value="6d217979971578c8fa6f32c3d23b0da9" /><code>len(d)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb41745" name="answer[2c1566a63fc49067765652002bc9cd9a][]" type="checkbox" value="196e51b769937a3dc21c64a4cb651a7e" /><code>len(d['a'])</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb42480" name="answer[2c1566a63fc49067765652002bc9cd9a][]" type="checkbox" value="8d6ccdea11a955a71ed2f9416481e69a" /><code>len(d['a' + 'c'])</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b><code>len</code> works on
dictionaries, lists, and strings. When a dictionary is passed as an
argument, it returns the number of key/value pairs in that dictionary.<br />
Each value in <code>d</code> is a list, and so <code>len</code> can be called on those lists.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>tup = (1, 2, 3)</pre>
Select the expression(s) and statement(s) below that <b>result in an error</b>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb46e3c" name="answer[fe7e6ca442e6dbad1284c4192e736e19][]" type="checkbox" value="3ab0addfd645b567ee4ea5d449f5e01e" /><code>subtup = tup[0:2]</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb47d14" name="answer[fe7e6ca442e6dbad1284c4192e736e19][]" type="checkbox" value="71de19ccb38adb102f36ee329c8715b9" /><code>tup[0:2] == (10, 30)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb48a7a" name="answer[fe7e6ca442e6dbad1284c4192e736e19][]" type="checkbox" value="f6fdf5027c0c71400646a8a6a1a6b60a" /><code>tup[-2] = 4</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb49890" name="answer[fe7e6ca442e6dbad1284c4192e736e19][]" type="checkbox" value="5628f16ce1fead05a557135dcb143b88" /><code>tup.reverse()</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Tuples are immutable, so any code that tries to change them results in an error.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Select the expression(s) that can be used as dictionary keys.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb4e03c" name="answer[0f153d98feaa90a0dd3ae535a9fd18e2][]" type="checkbox" value="bc808994019afcc3e375509823d40944" /><code>('single',)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb4eeb7" name="answer[0f153d98feaa90a0dd3ae535a9fd18e2][]" type="checkbox" value="fb216294a4b9b9a0a894e9595f124f0d" /><code>['a', 'b']</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb4fbab" name="answer[0f153d98feaa90a0dd3ae535a9fd18e2][]" type="checkbox" value="7aaf536043c3651213f8d279d8b41c16" /><code>{1: 2, 3: 4}</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>Dictionaries can't be used as keys.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb508bf" name="answer[0f153d98feaa90a0dd3ae535a9fd18e2][]" type="checkbox" value="77efe27394f3b39b7d78a26a3e7f07ce" /><code>(1, 'fred', 2.0)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Keys must be immutable, so lists and dictionaries are not allowed as keys.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>d = {1: ['a', 'b', 'c'], 2: ['d', 'e'], 3: []}</pre>
Select the code fragment(s) that set variable <code>total</code> to the number of items in all the lists that occur as values in <code>d</code>.
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb54ca2" name="answer[d43aaad2d2551f04969817eed8fa4fed][]" type="checkbox" value="17455a245cc02d4d4a4a49d3a09145a6" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">L = []
for k in d:
L.extend(d[k])
total = len(L)
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb55a0d" name="answer[d43aaad2d2551f04969817eed8fa4fed][]" type="checkbox" value="e222752c326f29e112abd2a1de425d55" /><br />
<pre>L = []
for k in d:
L.append(k)
total = len(L)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb566fc" name="answer[d43aaad2d2551f04969817eed8fa4fed][]" type="checkbox" value="9c4afc8441fd3b9ab1ddb61ab63ae6cf" /><br />
<pre>total = 0
for k in d:
total = total + k
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb57515" name="answer[d43aaad2d2551f04969817eed8fa4fed][]" type="checkbox" value="40bfb98de1e27ca77c0c0efde9bd2f57" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">total = 0
for k in d:
total = total + len(d[k])
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Each value in <code>d</code> is a list of 0 or more elements. Choose the options that count the total number of these elements in <code>d</code> (5 in the above example).</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
This dictionary has 3 keys that are all the same. <b>Enter this in the Python shell:</b>
<br />
<pre>{1: 10, 1: 20, 1: 30}</pre>
<b style="color: darkred;">Submit what the code above evaluates to; don't submit your answers to the thought questions below.</b><br />
<b>What we want you to think about:</b> We haven't covered this situation in the videos; what do <i>you</i>
think should happen? Do you think this should this cause an error?
Should it discard some of the key/value pairs? If so, which one do you
think it should keep? People who create programming languages have to
make these kinds of decisions, and often there isn't a clear good
choice.</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_525866bb5a33f">Answer for Question 9</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_525866bb5a33f" name="answer[e650b4eecd1a90c8a1df08df9e28d827][answer]" readonly="readonly">{1: 30}</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">{1: 30}</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code in the Python shell and
enter what it evaluates to. No need to enter your answers to the thought
questions, just what results from evaluating the line of code.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>L = [['apple', 3], ['pear', 2], ['banana', 3]]
d = {}
for item in L:
d[item[0]] = item[1]
</pre>
What does this code do?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb6083b" name="answer[9b585f0f21a1e851cfa0c0732d6287dd][]" type="radio" value="3a9a0a0f268d4c84d980f5ed0a7824d8" />Populates dictionary <code>L</code> where each key is the first item of each inner list of <code>d</code> and each value is the second item of that inner list.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb61491" name="answer[9b585f0f21a1e851cfa0c0732d6287dd][]" type="radio" value="78bb00ecf502b941e7d71ae65156a077" />Reorders the items in the inner lists of <code>L</code>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb61f27" name="answer[9b585f0f21a1e851cfa0c0732d6287dd][]" type="radio" value="08c60cadce3459deda69392f6c603c49" />Removes the items from <code>L</code> and populates dictionary <code>d</code> where each key is the first item of each inner list of <code>L</code> and each value is the second item of that inner list.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb62a57" name="answer[9b585f0f21a1e851cfa0c0732d6287dd][]" type="radio" value="c62d383e84d67caf3bc33bd9e3a82d62" />Populates dictionary <code>d</code> where each key is the first item of each inner list of <code>L</code> and each value is the second item of that inner list.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code and examine the values of <code>d</code> and <code>L</code>.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def eat(d):
'''(dict of {str: int}) -> bool
Each key in d is a fruit and each value is<span style="font-size: x-small;"> the quantity of that fruit.</span>
REST OF DESCRIPTION MISSING HERE
>>> eat({'apple': 2, 'banana': 3, 'pear': 3, 'peach': 1})
True
>>> eat({'apple': 0, 'banana': 0})
False
'''
ate = False
for fruit in d:
if d[fruit] > 0:
d[fruit] = d[fruit] - 1
ate = True
return ate
</pre>
Select the most appropriate description below.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: x-small;">Score</span></th>
<th><br /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb680d2" name="answer[3d51f4ea2743e715a0c5e0fb5cba25b8][]" type="radio" value="44030056e73c231d97d600068ce57746" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">Return True if and only if any fruit was eaten.</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb68b0b" name="answer[3d51f4ea2743e715a0c5e0fb5cba25b8][]" type="radio" value="738b4f674afc93b6440e8171929eb2f0" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">Remove from d all fruits that have a value of 0 associated with them and
return True if and only if the were no such fruits.
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb69455" name="answer[3d51f4ea2743e715a0c5e0fb5cba25b8][]" type="radio" value="333631d9a3268b9f36fb704743ce741b" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">Reduce by 1 all quantities greater than 0 associated with each fruit in d.</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb69e23" name="answer[3d51f4ea2743e715a0c5e0fb5cba25b8][]" type="radio" value="6d3111257202df703bb8c09465e6840d" /></span></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">Try to eat one of each fruit: reduce by 1 all quantities greater than 0
associated with each fruit in d and return True if and only if any fruit was
eaten.
</span></span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Docstrings should describe side-effects and return values.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 12</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider the code:
<br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">def contains(v, d):
''' (object, dict of {object: list}) -> bool
Return whether v is an element of one of the list values in d.
>>> contains('moogah', {1: [70, 'blue'], 2: [1.24, 'moogah', 90], 3.14: [80, 100]})
True
>>> contains('moogah', {'moogah': [1.24, 'frooble', 90], 3.14: [80, 100]})
False
'''
found = False # Whether we have found v in a list in d.
# CODE MISSING HERE
return found</span>
</pre>
Select the code fragment(s) that make the function above match its docstring description.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb6eee9" name="answer[bea7407cfae3700166bed8756ee749b0][]" type="checkbox" value="93e2329d3279a0d674e216bbacab37cf" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for k in d:
for i in range(len(d[k])):
if d[k][i] == v:
found = True
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb701aa" name="answer[bea7407cfae3700166bed8756ee749b0][]" type="checkbox" value="f5e6cd5abcfad8ff3b94215ff2655640" /><br />
<pre> for k in d:
for i in range(len(d[k])):
found = (d[k][i] == v)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb713c8" name="answer[bea7407cfae3700166bed8756ee749b0][]" type="checkbox" value="13044dcae50f870e26cf9132e73c15ea" /><br />
<pre> for k in d:
if v == k:
found = True
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_525866bb72673" name="answer[bea7407cfae3700166bed8756ee749b0][]" type="checkbox" value="14c5e3bc6e877ce417de9d1f3f156d7b" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for k in d:
if v in d[k]:
found = True
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Which code fragment(s) set <code>found</code> to be True if and only if <code>v</code> is an element of one of the lists that are values of dictionary <code>d</code>?</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-24472817043411621552013-09-28T21:34:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:24:43.467+05:30Learn to Program: The Fundamentals - Assignment 3 <div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
</h1>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
Preface
</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
No printing!
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Don't call <code>print</code> anywhere in your code. By now, you should be using the visualizer or the debugger to figure out what your code is doing.
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
A3 Problem Domain: Word Search Game
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
For A3, you will implement a word search game. The game
involves an rectangular board of uppercase letters that is read from a
file. For example, here are the file contents representing a (tiny) 2
row by 4 column board: </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<pre>ANTT
XSOB
</pre>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The game also involves a non-empty words list read from a
file. For example, here are example file contents for a words list:
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<pre>ANT
BOX
SOB
TO</pre>
<pre> </pre>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
To make it a bit more challenging, there may be words in the
words list that do not appear in the board, and the word list is not
shown to the players.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The object of the game is for the players to view the board
and find words (remember that the words list is unknown to the players).
Words may be contained in rows (from left to right) or columns (from
top to bottom), but not backwards. When a player correctly guesses a
word that occurs in the words list, that player is awarded points
according to a scoring system described in the starter code. The game
ends when all words on the board that appear in the words list have been
guessed.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The player with the highest score wins.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The words from the words list and the letters of the board are made up of alphabetic, uppercase characters.
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Terminology in this handout
</h3>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>A <i>board</i> is a <code>list of list of str</code>, such as <code>[['A', 'N', 'T', 'T'], ['X', 'S', 'O', 'B']]</code>.
</li>
<li>A <i>words list</i> is a <code>list of str</code> such as <code>['ANT', 'BOX', 'SOB', 'TO']</code></li>
</ul>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It will be useful to call some of these functions when
implementing other functions. Here is some information about how the
functions relate to each other and how they are used in the game:
</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>
<code>is_valid_word</code>: checks whether a word that player guessed is in the words list.
</li>
<li>
<code>make_str_from_row</code>: creates a string from the list of single character strings representing a row. Hint: look at how this is used by <code>board_contains_word_in_row</code>.
</li>
<li>
<code>make_str_from_column</code>: creates a string from the list of single character strings representing a column. Hint: this may be helpful for <code>board_contains_word_in_column</code>.
</li>
<li>
<code>board_contains_word_in_row</code>: checks whether a word occurs in any of the rows of the board. <b>This function has been implemented in the starter code.</b>
</li>
<li>
<code>board_contains_word_in_column</code>: checks whether a word occurs in any of the columns of the board. Hint: see <code>board_contains_word_in_row</code>.
</li>
<li>
<code>board_contains_word</code>: checks whether a word occurs in any of the rows or columns of the board.
</li>
<li>
<code>word_score</code>: calculates the score that a
correctly guessed word earns. A word that is only 1 or 2 letters long
earns 0 points, a word that is 3-6 letters long earns 1 point per
letter, a word that is 7-9 letters long earns 2 points per letter, and a
word that is 10 or more letters long earns 3 points per letter.
</li>
<li>
<code>update_score</code>: adds the score that a correctly guessed word earns to a player's score.
</li>
<li>
<code>num_words_on_board</code>: counts how many words from the words list appear on a particular board.
</li>
<li>
<code>read_words</code>: creates a words list made up of the words from a file. Hint: to test this function, you should open a file such as <b>wordslist1.txt</b> and pass the open file as an argument to this function.
</li>
<li>
<code>read_board</code>: creates a board made up of the rows of letters from a file. Hint: to test this function, you should open a file such as <b>board1.txt</b> and pass the open file as an argument to this function. </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">"""A board is a list of list of str. For example, the board<br /> ANTT<br /> XSOB<br />is represented as the list<br /> [['A', 'N', 'T', 'T'], ['X', 'S', 'O', 'B']]<br /><br />A word list is a list of str. For example, the list of words<br /> ANT<br /> BOX<br /> SOB<br /> TO<br />is represented as the list<br /> ['ANT', 'BOX', 'SOB', 'TO']<br />"""<br /><br /><br />def is_valid_word(wordlist, word):<br /> """ (list of str, str) -> bool<br /><br /> Return True if and only if word is an element of wordlist.<br /><br /> >>> is_valid_word(['ANT', 'BOX', 'SOB', 'TO'], 'TO')<br /> True<br /> """<br /> <br /> i = 0<br /> while i < len(wordlist):<br /> return word in wordlist<br /> i = i + 1<br /><br /><br />def make_str_from_row(board, row_index):<br /> """ (list of list of str, int) -> str<br /><br /> Return the characters from the row of the board with index row_index<br /> as a single string.<br /><br /> >>> make_str_from_row([['A', 'N', 'T', 'T'], ['X', 'S', 'O', 'B']], 0)<br /> 'ANTT'<br /> """<br /><br /> word = ''<br /> i = row_index<br /> for char in board[i]:<br /> word = word + char<br /> return word<br /><br /><br />def make_str_from_column(board, column_index):<br /> """ (list of list of str, int) -> str<br /><br /> Return the characters from the column of the board with index column_index<br /> as a single string.<br /><br /> >>> make_str_from_column([['A', 'N', 'T', 'T'], ['X', 'S', 'O', 'B']], 1)<br /> 'NS'<br /> """<br /><br /> word = ''<br /> i = column_index<br /> for char in board:<br /> word = word + (char[i])<br /> return word<br /><br /><br />def board_contains_word_in_row(board, word):<br /> """ (list of list of str, str) -> bool</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> Return True if and only if one or more of the rows of the board contains word.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> Precondition: board has at least one row and one column, and word is a valid word.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> >>> board_contains_word_in_row([['A', 'N', 'T', 'T'], ['X', 'S', 'O', 'B']], 'SOB')<br /> True<br /> """<br /><br /> for row_index in range(len(board)):<br /> if word in make_str_from_row(board, row_index):<br /> return True<br /><br /> return False<br /><br /><br />def board_contains_word_in_column(board, word):<br /> """ (list of list of str, str) -> bool<br /><br /> Return True if and only if one or more of the columns of the board contains word.<br /><br /> Precondition: board has at least one row and one column, and word is a valid word.<br /><br /> >>> board_contains_word_in_column([['A', 'N', 'T', 'T'], ['X', 'S', 'O', 'B']], 'NO')<br /> False<br /> """<br /><br /> i = 0<br /> while i < len(board[0]):<br /> if word in make_str_from_column(board, i):<br /> return True<br /> i = i + 1<br /> <br /> return False<br /><br /><br />def board_contains_word(board, word):<br /> """ (list of list of str, str) -> bool<br /><br /> Return True if and only if word appears in board.<br /><br /> Precondition: board has at least one row and one column.<br /><br /> >>> board_contains_word([['A', 'N', 'T', 'T'], ['X', 'S', 'O', 'B']], 'ANT')<br /> True<br /> """<br /><br /> a = board_contains_word_in_row(board, word)<br /> b = board_contains_word_in_column(board, word)<br /> if a or b:<br /> return True<br /> return False<br /><br /><br />def word_score(word):<br /> """ (str) -> int<br /><br /> Return the point value the word earns.<br /><br /> Word length: < 3: 0 points</span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 3-6: 1 point per character for all characters in word</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 7-9: 2 points per character for all characters in word</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 10+: 3 points per character for all characters in word</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> >>> word_score('DRUDGERY')<br /> 16<br /> """<br /><br /> score = len(word)<br /> if score < 3:<br /> return score*0<br /> elif score >=3 and score <=6:<br /> return score*1<br /> elif score >=7 and score <=9:<br /> return score*2<br /> elif score >=10:<br /> return score*3<br /> return score<br /><br /><br />def update_score(player_info, word):<br /> """ ([str, int] list, str) -> NoneType<br /><br /> player_info is a list with the player's name and score. Update player_info<br /> by adding the point value word earns to the player's score.<br /><br /> >>> update_score(['Jonathan', 4], 'ANT')<br /> """<br /><br /> current_point = player_info.pop(1)<br /> point = current_point + word_score(word)<br /> player_info.append(point)<br /><br /> <br /><br />def num_words_on_board(board, words):<br /> """ (list of list of str, list of str) -> int<br /><br /> Return how many words appear on board.<br /><br /> >>> num_words_on_board([['A', 'N', 'T', 'T'], ['X', 'S', 'O', 'B']], ['ANT', 'BOX', 'SOB', 'TO'])<br /> 3<br /> """<br /><br /> count = 0<br /> for word in words:<br /> if board_contains_word(board, word):<br /> count = count + 1<br /> return count<br /><br /><br />def read_words(words_file):<br /> """ (file open for reading) -> list of str<br /><br /> Return a list of all words (with newlines removed) from open file<br /> words_file.<br /><br /> Precondition: Each line of the file contains a word in uppercase characters<br /> from the standard English alphabet.<br /> """<br /><br /> lists = []<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> for line in words_file:<br /> word = ''<br /><br /> for char in line:<br /> <br /> if char != '\n':<br /> word = word + char<br /><br /> lists.append(word)<br /><br /> return lists<br /><br /><br /><br />def read_board(board_file):<br /> """ (file open for reading) -> list of list of str<br /><br /> Return a board read from open file board_file. The board file will contain<br /> one row of the board per line. Newlines are not included in the board.<br /> """<br /><br /> lists = []<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> for line in board_file:<br /> <br /> #Append characters into sublist<br /> sub = []<br /> for char in line:<br /> <br /> if char != '\n':<br /> sub.append(char)<br /><br /> if sub != []:<br /> lists. append(sub)<br /><br /> return lists<br /><br /> </span></div>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-79964154135575172712013-09-28T21:26:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:25:05.411+05:30Learn to Program: The Fundamentals - Week 6 Exercise <div style="text-align: justify;">
Score of <b>13.00</b> out of <b>13.00</b>. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Open up IDLE and try out all the code as you do the exercise!</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def merge(L):
merged = []
for i in range(0, len(L), 3):
merged.append(L[i] + L[i + 1] + L[i + 2])
return merged
print(merge([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
</pre>
What is printed by the code above?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f5068e" name="answer[4081ee09f8d96c9b502353ca8eb610ac][]" type="radio" value="357c20135cc4f3b819aa25d420ec487b" /><code>[123, 456, 789]</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f50edb" name="answer[4081ee09f8d96c9b502353ca8eb610ac][]" type="radio" value="7216ce235a4bc3d3965a5ca4c5710308" /><code>[1, 4, 7]</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f516dd" name="answer[4081ee09f8d96c9b502353ca8eb610ac][]" type="radio" value="9d577d65ccc695ba23b58ab1ba396609" /><code>[6, 15, 24]</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f52561" name="answer[4081ee09f8d96c9b502353ca8eb610ac][]" type="radio" value="286c3ab06b20e8f8c01c8b75b2c0386b" /><code>[12, 15, 18]</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Trace the code by hand or in the visualizer, or run the code in IDLE.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def mystery(s):
""" (str) -> bool
"""
matches = 0
for i in range(len(s) // 2):
if s[i] == s[len(s) - 1 - i]:<span style="font-size: x-small;"> # <-- How many times is this line reached?</span>
matches = matches + 1
return matches == (len(s) // 2)
mystery('civil')
</pre>
Trace the function call <code>mystery('civil')</code> using the Python Visualizer. How many times is the line marked above reached?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5246f94f549a1">Answer for Question 2</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5246f94f549a1" name="answer[a568a9450846f10d09f53684d1384e83][answer]" readonly="readonly">2</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">2</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Trace the function call in the visualizer. Be sure to include a function call!</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def mystery(s):
""" (str) -> bool
"""
matches = 0
for i in range(len(s) // 2):
if s[i] == s[len(s) - 1 - i]:
matches = matches + 1
return matches == (len(s) // 2)
</pre>
Which is the best docstring description for function <code>mystery</code>?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f5a3f7" name="answer[bf1aa877c6df91dea21f0f27d9a85d60][]" type="radio" value="6dfc6b66b14ab2817c97df1a1024db61" />Return <code>True</code> if and only if there are exactly <code>len(s) // 2</code> characters in <code>s</code> that are the same character.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f5ad81" name="answer[bf1aa877c6df91dea21f0f27d9a85d60][]" type="radio" value="cdb36489b2c0a4317bb265c1fdd27a47" />Return <code>True</code> if and only if the number of duplicate characters in <code>s</code> is equal to <code>len(s) // 2</code>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f5b62b" name="answer[bf1aa877c6df91dea21f0f27d9a85d60][]" type="radio" value="ecf4e404ad6c9b4923e89c81dd8d6741" />Return <code>True</code> if and only if <code>s</code> is equal to the reverse of <code>s</code>.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f5c329" name="answer[bf1aa877c6df91dea21f0f27d9a85d60][]" type="radio" value="75f665d9f8083b8a3d2fc7f514c5ec43" />Return <code>True</code> if and only if <code>s[:len(s) // 2]</code> is the same as <code>s[len(s) // 2:]</code>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>For each option, write at least one function call for which the function should return <code>True</code> and at least one for which it should return <code>False</code>. Execute the function calls to see whether they produce the expected result.<br />
If you're confused about the meaning of <code>s[i] == s[len(s) - 1 - i]</code>, think about an example. If <code>s</code> is <code>"pipe"</code> (so <code>len(s)</code> is 4) and <code>i</code> is 1, that asks whether <code>s[1]</code> is equal to the item at index <code>s[4 - 1 - 1]</code>, or <code>s[2]</code>.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
In one of the Week 6 lecture videos, we wrote the function <code>shift_left</code>. Consider this function, which shifts in the other direction:
<br />
<pre>def shift_right(L):
''' (list) -> NoneType
Shift each item in L one position to the right
and shift the last item to the first position.
Precondition: len(L) >= 1
'''
last_item = L[-1]
# MISSING CODE GOES HERE
L[0] = last_item
</pre>
Select the code fragment that correctly completes function <code>shift_right</code>.
<br />
<br />
<b>Hint:</b> the correct answer works from the end to the beginning of <code>L</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f60b12" name="answer[598298c85d32e4d1fac1bc1c48162c1d][]" type="radio" value="c2e9b194c97ed713d66d59d4cc8d716e" /><br />
<pre> for i in range(len(L)):
L[i + 1] = L[i]
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f6144b" name="answer[598298c85d32e4d1fac1bc1c48162c1d][]" type="radio" value="2962a7751b8f3162ee86388ab9c14104" /><br />
<pre> for i in range(len(L) - 1):
L[i] = L[i + 1]
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f61f0b" name="answer[598298c85d32e4d1fac1bc1c48162c1d][]" type="radio" value="cb0d30a4b68b3debe10dd4301f1d16a6" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for i in range(1, len(L)):
L[len(L) - i] = L[len(L) - i - 1]
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">During the first iteration of the loop, <code>i</code> refers to 1, so <code>len(L) - i</code> is the index of the last item in <code>L</code>.
<br /><br />
As <code>i</code> increases, the indices move backwards through the list. </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f62eeb" name="answer[598298c85d32e4d1fac1bc1c48162c1d][]" type="radio" value="23598699c77ebfa16a5bfb6a885f1d31" /><br />
<pre> for i in range(1, len(L)):
L[i] = L[i + 1]
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Define each version of the function and test it by calling it in the shell or the visualizer.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider the code (these type contracts get a little tough to write!):
<br />
<pre>def make_pairs(list1, list2):
''' (list of str, list of int) -> list of [str, int] list
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
Return a new list in which each item is a 2-item list with the string from the
corresponding position of list1 and the int from the corresponding position of list2.</span>
Precondition: len(list1) == len(list2)
>>> make_pairs(['A', 'B', 'C'], [1, 2, 3])
[['A', 1], ['B', 2], ['C', 3]]
'''
pairs = []
# CODE MISSING HERE
return pairs
</pre>
Select the code fragment(s) that make the function above match its docstring description.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f6720a" name="answer[d0741ba88e04f95e70a47994a5dffe12][]" type="checkbox" value="f77d05990dc09f6c0bfc5305d824d763" /><br />
<pre> for i in range(len(list1)):
inner_list = []
inner_list.append(list1[i])
inner_list.append(list2[i])
pairs.append(inner_list)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f6861e" name="answer[d0741ba88e04f95e70a47994a5dffe12][]" type="checkbox" value="72ac56410e7961157c667ea3a71b6997" /><br />
<pre> inner_list = []
for i in range(len(list1)):
inner_list.append(list1[i])
inner_list.append(list2[i])
pairs.append(inner_list)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f6960f" name="answer[d0741ba88e04f95e70a47994a5dffe12][]" type="checkbox" value="ed3ff92ce4a6b0e4291f8930350703af" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for i in range(len(list1)):
pairs.append([list1[i], list2[i]])
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f6a638" name="answer[d0741ba88e04f95e70a47994a5dffe12][]" type="checkbox" value="b8f435d69ae5b9897390ed5845e8701d" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for i in range(len(list1)):
inner_list = []
inner_list.append(list1[i])
inner_list.append(list2[i])
pairs.append(inner_list)
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Trace each option in the visualizer. Be sure to include a function call!</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
</h3>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>values = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
</pre>
Using <code>values</code> and indexing with <b>non-negative indices</b>, write an expression that evaluates to <code>5</code>. Do not use addition, subtraction, or parentheses <code>( )</code> (brackets <code>[ ]</code> are required).</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5246f94f6d795">Answer for Question 6</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5246f94f6d795" name="answer[3ae58cc4d21e9620f6dbaf5b23ca0dbe][answer]" readonly="readonly">values[1][1]</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">values[1][1]</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Explore this in the Python shell. Make sure to <b>read the question carefully</b>!</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
</h3>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre><span style="font-size: x-small;">breakfast = [['French', 'toast'], ['blueberry', 'pancakes'], ['scrambled', 'eggs']]</span>
</pre>
Using <code>breakfast</code> and indexing with <b>only negative indices</b>, write an expression that evaluates to <code>'blueberry'</code>. Do not use addition, subtraction, or parentheses <code>( )</code> (brackets <code>[ ]</code> are required).</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5246f94f75390">Answer for Question 7</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5246f94f75390" name="answer[93bd4836868f00d3e693000bf45ccca7][answer]" readonly="readonly">breakfast[-2][-2]</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">breakfast[-2][-2]</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Explore this in the Python shell. Make sure to read the question carefully, and use <b>only negative indices</b>. Zero is not negative.</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>for i in range(2, 5):
for j in range(4, 9):
print(i, j)
</pre>
Trace the code above in the Python Visualizer. How many times is <code>print(i, j)</code> executed?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f7b578" name="answer[e1a12fbc4c3dfb760b3afc379161b830][]" type="radio" value="fe580f6074da481ed029d6971569cfec" />24</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f7bedc" name="answer[e1a12fbc4c3dfb760b3afc379161b830][]" type="radio" value="d0537ce1ab367b01151ecb03ce15c8c0" />5</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f7c924" name="answer[e1a12fbc4c3dfb760b3afc379161b830][]" type="radio" value="a5be35a89a6dee06a2b83f6d8f8c526b" />15</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f7d7dc" name="answer[e1a12fbc4c3dfb760b3afc379161b830][]" type="radio" value="26f0c9017cc24bd1c4ed85638a9c0562" />3</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Do this in the visualizer.</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def contains(value, lst):
""" (object, list of list) -> bool
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
Return whether value is an element of one of the nested lists in lst.
>>> contains('moogah', [[70, 'blue'], [1.24, 90, 'moogah'], [80, 100]])</span>
True
"""
found = False # We have not yet found value in the list.
# CODE MISSING HERE
return found
</pre>
Select the code fragment(s) that make the function above match its docstring description.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f81954" name="answer[39481f9e9c52044de48fa62500b17990][]" type="checkbox" value="08631ab24e34c3c2ab9bf977e70ba8bc" /><br />
<pre> for item in lst:
if value == item:
value = True
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f82566" name="answer[39481f9e9c52044de48fa62500b17990][]" type="checkbox" value="433f1729f07c28f420da3eb2dc8b85cc" /><br />
<pre> for i in range(len(lst)):
for j in range(len(lst[i])):
found = (lst[i][j] == value)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f831bf" name="answer[39481f9e9c52044de48fa62500b17990][]" type="checkbox" value="becfc6e06d7fc897944c5f8b0fe48c81" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for i in range(len(lst)):
for j in range(len(lst[i])):
if lst[i][j] == value:
found = True
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f84060" name="answer[39481f9e9c52044de48fa62500b17990][]" type="checkbox" value="e801535579407a1488a3b72c84b22b03" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for sublist in lst:
if value in sublist:
found = True
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Trace each option in the visualizer.</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
A file has a section at the top that has a preamble describing the
contents of the file, then a blank line, then a list of high
temperatures for each day in January all on one line, then a list of
high temperatures for each day in February all on one line, then lists
for March, April, and so on through December, each on one line. There
are thousands of lines of information after that temperature data that
you aren't currently interested in.<br />
You want to write a program that prints the average of the high
temperatures in January. Which of the four file-reading approaches
should you use?<br />
Hint: review the Reading Files lecture.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f88d35" name="answer[3f7e0e243e67b1d6869e39c7616e8900][]" type="radio" value="f618591ec11ccde43f7e738a3ad2e412" />The <code>readlines</code> approach</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f89851" name="answer[3f7e0e243e67b1d6869e39c7616e8900][]" type="radio" value="14b42d67054acd31b314451fe72a501c" />The <code>read</code> approach</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f8a4b0" name="answer[3f7e0e243e67b1d6869e39c7616e8900][]" type="radio" value="b2dac5d0987a23cbee368e544ebecb06" />The <code>readline</code> approach</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f8b79e" name="answer[3f7e0e243e67b1d6869e39c7616e8900][]" type="radio" value="70213ea92d48b568b342a8de4e140a1d" />The <code>for <i>line</i> in <i>file</i></code> approach</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>You want to process only part of the
file, the line containing January high temperatures. Which approach from
the Reading Files lecture is this?</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre># data_file refers to a file open for reading.
for line in data_file:
print(line)
</pre>
The program above prints the lines of the file but adds an extra blank
line after each line. Select the code fragment(s) that when used as
replacement(s) for <code>print(line)</code> will print the lines without extra blank lines.
<br />
<br />
Note: use <code>help</code> to find out information about any functions or methods that you are not familiar with.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f8fc98" name="answer[060b0ab3f7a4f672381970df3c312ad0][]" type="checkbox" value="a4184d09c3a13c4f41fea5518ad49623" /><code>print(line.strip())</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>This strips all whitespace from the beginning and end of each line, rather than just the newline at the end.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f90a8a" name="answer[060b0ab3f7a4f672381970df3c312ad0][]" type="checkbox" value="1c9abb3103c3da4fa829954e8a9e1cff" /><code>print(line - '\n')</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f91723" name="answer[060b0ab3f7a4f672381970df3c312ad0][]" type="checkbox" value="a1c54a9cd788e0c56ed7557bbcbcddd1" /><code>print(line, end='')</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f92654" name="answer[060b0ab3f7a4f672381970df3c312ad0][]" type="checkbox" value="5f058963eebc0db38a7cc95289137370" /><code>print(line.rstrip('\n'))</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Create a variable <code>line</code> that refers to a string ending with the newline character (<code>'\n'</code>)
and run the different options. Make sure you are printing each line
without an extra newline at the end, and without modifying the line in
any other way.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 12</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def lines_startswith(file, letter):
""" (file open for reading, str) -> list of str
Return the list of lines from file that begin with letter. </pre>
<pre> The lines should have the newline removed.
Precondition: len(letter) == 1
"""
matches = []
# CODE MISSING HERE
return matches
</pre>
Select the code fragment(s) that make the function above match its docstring description.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th><br /></th>
<th><br /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f97567" name="answer[11ca1b4c04497fc64ad5f0869f91f583][]" type="checkbox" value="b370dbb4b9293820f508995282e321c5" /><br />
<pre> for line in file:
if letter in line:
matches.append(line.rstrip('\n'))
</pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f986f7" name="answer[11ca1b4c04497fc64ad5f0869f91f583][]" type="checkbox" value="9291a4ceabb2c0c5eba720189bd6931b" /><br />
<pre> for line in file:
matches.append(line.startswith(letter).rstrip('\n'))
</pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f997ea" name="answer[11ca1b4c04497fc64ad5f0869f91f583][]" type="checkbox" value="e7f1274b0b64d37132eef49c843d3e45" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for line in file:
if line.startswith(letter):
matches.append(line.rstrip('\n'))
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f9a78f" name="answer[11ca1b4c04497fc64ad5f0869f91f583][]" type="checkbox" value="08d5591402c67c518e480fd8c5a3419b" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for line in file:
if letter == line[0]:
matches.append(line.rstrip('\n'))
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Trace each option in the visualizer.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 13</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def write_to_file(file, sentences):
""" (file open for writing, list of str) -> NoneType
Write each sentence from sentences to file, one per line.
Precondition: the sentences contain no newlines.
"""
# CODE MISSING HERE
</pre>
Select the code fragment(s) that make the function above match its docstring description.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f9e726" name="answer[4b6bce7045a814e1ba31a6b9b438e395][]" type="checkbox" value="4c9d75438bd2ea94d3357029dfd75d2c" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for s in sentences:
file.write(s)
file.write('\n')
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.20</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94f9f4fe" name="answer[4b6bce7045a814e1ba31a6b9b438e395][]" type="checkbox" value="765604785510a963bfaa75f211467c6a" /><br />
<pre> file.write(sentences)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.20</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94fa00d6" name="answer[4b6bce7045a814e1ba31a6b9b438e395][]" type="checkbox" value="bda6776f617fd4c86cf19a35812d2d9f" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> for s in sentences:
file.write(s + '\n')
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.20</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94fa0e51" name="answer[4b6bce7045a814e1ba31a6b9b438e395][]" type="checkbox" value="b52ed314cc8a5fe071c83438c2b1639e" /><br />
<pre> for s in sentences:
file.write(s)
file.write('\n')
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.20</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f94fa1b42" name="answer[4b6bce7045a814e1ba31a6b9b438e395][]" type="checkbox" value="d77883cd8ed95a6dafc8663ea3d2e820" /><br />
<pre> for s in sentences:
file.write(s)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.20</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code and see what the files look like.</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-26215151482777758182013-09-28T21:13:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:26:30.526+05:30Learn to Program: The Fundamentals - Week 5 Exercise<div style="text-align: justify;">
Score of <b>13.75</b> out of <b>14.00</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Open up IDLE and try out all the code as you do the exercise!</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Select the expression(s) that evaluate to <code>True</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f7789f8b1" name="answer[d3007ebfd6d2d37962c79e47d3370ab1][]" type="checkbox" value="c608aeae968b57194d344534fefceb07" /><code>[1, 2, 3] in len('mom')</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778a0c78" name="answer[d3007ebfd6d2d37962c79e47d3370ab1][]" type="checkbox" value="d96dc150ed62ea0d8f83423efffc4233" /><code>len('mom') in [1, 2, 3]</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778a184c" name="answer[d3007ebfd6d2d37962c79e47d3370ab1][]" type="checkbox" value="ac1d87abb52d7147706f9ef6b2c155a9" /><code>int('3') in [len('a'), len('ab'), len('abc')]</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778a2b84" name="answer[d3007ebfd6d2d37962c79e47d3370ab1][]" type="checkbox" value="4eee51cf0b84ac2d35f4f20f806ab605" /><code>'3' in [1, 2, 3]</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Evaluate each of these expressions in
the Python shell and, if the results surprise you, you should also
evaluate each subexpression.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def mystery(s):
i = 0
result = ''
while not s[i].isdigit():
result = result + s[i]
i = i + 1
return result
</pre>
Select the function call(s) that result in an error.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778a758d" name="answer[742aca6afa6eed2e6d5f1268ea53e288][]" type="checkbox" value="76354845d5719d0f60d06da29cd24db4" /><code>mystery('abc')</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778a878c" name="answer[742aca6afa6eed2e6d5f1268ea53e288][]" type="checkbox" value="7046ebaeea6426bc1fd3775c4862a264" /><code>mystery('abc123')</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778a9716" name="answer[742aca6afa6eed2e6d5f1268ea53e288][]" type="checkbox" value="a541bf6b3d9a2fe8c67e83b0ab2db75f" /><code>mystery('123')</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778aa6ff" name="answer[742aca6afa6eed2e6d5f1268ea53e288][]" type="checkbox" value="6ecaaa828c46e0ff12b994b6f0d2cc2f" /><code>mystery('123abc')</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code. To understand why the error occurs (or does not), trace the code in the visualizer.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def example(L):
""" (list) -> list
"""
i = 0
result = []
while i < len(L):
result.append(L[i])
i = i + 3
return result
</pre>
Which is the best docstring description for function <code>example</code>?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778ae79c" name="answer[c2188ec7347b4501f4fc7ad1ced72e99][]" type="radio" value="3db138dece0d4c50ecc0bed2887f364c" />Return a <code>list</code> containing every third <i>item</i> from <code>L</code> starting at index 0.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778afb14" name="answer[c2188ec7347b4501f4fc7ad1ced72e99][]" type="radio" value="1cf7c4aa978a4575fd0303a4e124c0a4" />Return an empty <code>list</code>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778b0b81" name="answer[c2188ec7347b4501f4fc7ad1ced72e99][]" type="radio" value="dd64c844396a91400ca7b42bcf38264b" />Return a <code>list</code> containing every third <i>index</i> from <code>L</code> starting at index 0.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778b1671" name="answer[c2188ec7347b4501f4fc7ad1ced72e99][]" type="radio" value="7a9f2b7ded7e5d06103a2e39b52cbdb9" />Return a <code>list</code> containing the items from <code>L</code> starting from index 0, omitting every third item.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code several times, passing various lists as arguments, to gain a better understanding of what it does.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
<pre>def compress_list(L):
""" (list of str) -> list of str
Return a new list with adjacent pairs of string elements from L
concatenated together, starting with indices 0 and 1, 2 and 3,
and so on.
Precondition: len(L) >= 2 and len(L) % 2 == 0
>>> compress_list(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
['ab', 'cd']
"""
compressed_list = []
i = 0
while i < len(L):
compressed_list.append(L[i] + L[i + 1])
# MISSING CODE HERE
return compressed_list
</pre>
Select the missing line of code.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778b55c8" name="answer[fd05bc2eb4bd520cb2bf1cbee1c789ad][]" type="radio" value="b78eda61c409eb4d261079d73f365122" /><code>i = i + 2</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778b6255" name="answer[fd05bc2eb4bd520cb2bf1cbee1c789ad][]" type="radio" value="5c8d904b5cad966bd547f381da89a330" /><code>i = i + 1</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778b6a10" name="answer[fd05bc2eb4bd520cb2bf1cbee1c789ad][]" type="radio" value="477cecaaa57de481f8ee06cf6b48aff7" /><code>i = i * 2</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778b88a4" name="answer[fd05bc2eb4bd520cb2bf1cbee1c789ad][]" type="radio" value="73f1c06b4d9ca1d1dd0512a0d4969d8b" /><code>i = i + i</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code to gain a better understanding of what it does and what effect each choice has.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What is the sum of the <b>even</b> numbers from 524 through 10508, inclusive? Hint: write a <code>while</code> loop to accumulate the sum and print it. Then copy and paste that sum. For maximum learning, do it with a <code>for</code> loop as well, using <code>range</code>.</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5246f778bbe36">Answer for Question 5</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5246f778bbe36" name="answer[bbdaeebc32dfb222e1745a96b2cdad86][answer]" readonly="readonly">27541388</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">27541388</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Start by solving a simpler problem,
such as printing the even integers between 2 and 10. Make sure that you
print 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Then introduce a variable, perhaps called <code>sum</code>, that starts at 0, and in each iteration adds the current integer to <code>sum</code>. The sum of the even numbers from 2 through 10, inclusive, is 30. Then reattempt the question.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def while_version(L):
""" (list of number) -> number
"""
i = 0
total = 0
while i < len(L) and L[i] % 2 != 0:
total = total + L[i]
i = i + 1
return total
</pre>
The <code>while</code> loop stops as soon as an even number is found, and the sum of all the previous numbers is returned.
The four functions below use a <code>for</code> loop to try to accomplish the same task, although they keep iterating through all of the numbers in <code>L</code> regardless of whether the numbers are even or odd. Only one of them returns the same value as function <code>while_version</code>. Which one is it?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778c5946" name="answer[2a3d393b51d6a86e46127fbb7cbfb253][]" type="radio" value="b9b4b03a20bf5f22ac718f84f87b31cb" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">def for_version(L):
found_even = False
total = 0
for num in L:
if num % 2 != 0 and not found_even:
total = total + num
else:
found_even = True
return total
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778c6484" name="answer[2a3d393b51d6a86e46127fbb7cbfb253][]" type="radio" value="4adc88967088e7930292dbf80b6cbb66" /><br />
<pre>def for_version(L):
found_even = False
total = 0
for num in L:
if num % 2 != 0:
total = total + num
elif not found_even:
found_even = True
return total
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778c6cc0" name="answer[2a3d393b51d6a86e46127fbb7cbfb253][]" type="radio" value="04af5d82a68944f8c24d4aed803ba331" /><br />
<pre>def for_version(L):
found_even = False
total = 0
for num in L:
if num % 2 != 0:
total = total + num
found_even = True
return total
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778c7463" name="answer[2a3d393b51d6a86e46127fbb7cbfb253][]" type="radio" value="b6085b894cae19fe1efba1cae31ee404" /><br />
<pre>def for_version(L):
found_even = False
total = 0
for num in L:
if num % 2 != 0:
total = total + num
found_even = True
return total
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Pay close attention to the variables involved in the loop condition: <code>i</code> and <code>L</code>. Read through the code or trace it in the visualizer to determine what that <code>while</code> loop does and when it exits. You should also run each of the <code>for_version</code> functions.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>>>> numbers = [1, 4, 3]
>>> # MISSING CODE HERE
>>> print(numbers)
[3, 4, 1]
</pre>
Which of the following code fragments(s) could be the missing code in the program above?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778cbfb6" name="answer[010217e2280eda8042a6ce2d66a0ed82][]" type="checkbox" value="0944a788d2017297e3821855abc7dc29" /><code>numbers.reverse()</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778ccbc8" name="answer[010217e2280eda8042a6ce2d66a0ed82][]" type="checkbox" value="a8df5bda0f0f9664bd4c5cbb18fab291" /><code>reverse(numbers)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778cd79e" name="answer[010217e2280eda8042a6ce2d66a0ed82][]" type="checkbox" value="1d41a7d53a294c96d551d8bd41247a39" /><code>numbers = reverse(numbers)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778ce798" name="answer[010217e2280eda8042a6ce2d66a0ed82][]" type="checkbox" value="b67bc65f70223831fc9ba236be820a13" /><code>numbers = numbers.reverse()</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code and try each code fragment.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'pear', 'peach']
fruits.insert(fruits.index('pear'), 'watermelon')
print(fruits)
</pre>
What is printed by the code above?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778d23ce" name="answer[3aed2210a82497ebb74a35ba7c39ada3][]" type="radio" value="69558e29c1a2c0ecd562029fbdc18466" /><code>['banana', 'apple', 'watermelon', 'pear', 'peach']</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778d2f47" name="answer[3aed2210a82497ebb74a35ba7c39ada3][]" type="radio" value="023e7b4c645c88ff7cb4690048f90771" /><code>['banana', 'watermelon', 'apple', 'pear', 'peach']</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778d3c81" name="answer[3aed2210a82497ebb74a35ba7c39ada3][]" type="radio" value="aae34b8b31ab3ebdab9de0bcdba71aa9" /><code>['banana', 'apple', 'watermelon', 'peach']</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778d4563" name="answer[3aed2210a82497ebb74a35ba7c39ada3][]" type="radio" value="0dcca916446a8b3e20de17258fdb00c6" /><code>['banana', 'apple', 'pear', 'watermelon', 'peach']</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code and read the help for <code>list.index</code> and <code>list.insert</code>.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Your younger sibling has just
discovered music from the 1970's. They have put together a playlist of
the same 5 songs repeated again and again. Here are the songs:
<br />
<ul>
<li>ABC by The Jackson 5</li>
<li>Venus by Shocking Blue</li>
<li>Lola by the Kinks</li>
<li>Let It Be by the Beatles</li>
<li>Cecilia by Simon and Garfunkel</li>
<br />
Here is an example of their playlist:
<br /><code>['Lola', 'Venus', 'Lola', 'Lola', 'Let It Be', 'Lola', 'ABC', 'Cecilia', 'Lola', 'Lola']</code><br />
You want to make sure that Lola gets played at most 3 times, so you want to complete this function that edits the playlist:
</ul>
<pre>def cap_song_repetition(playlist, song):
'''(list of str, str) -> NoneType
Make sure there are no more than 3 occurrences of song in playlist.
'''
</pre>
Select the loop(s) that accomplish this.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778d9355" name="answer[f80cafa82675a517d203fd846f0eb574][]" type="checkbox" value="6be9dd3aaf2fab9353ad7d8ed5c16776" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> while playlist.count(song) > 3:
playlist.pop(playlist.index(song))
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778d9f12" name="answer[f80cafa82675a517d203fd846f0eb574][]" type="checkbox" value="0b28b7d0d345c763e305020b9e42017f" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"> while playlist.count(song) > 3:
playlist.remove(song)
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778daace" name="answer[f80cafa82675a517d203fd846f0eb574][]" type="checkbox" value="37ea17313c2411c8b590306b7fa86268" /><br />
<pre> while playlist.count(song) >= 3:
playlist.remove(song)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778db98b" name="answer[f80cafa82675a517d203fd846f0eb574][]" type="checkbox" value="f219a217dd556d69b877c8a06a1402a5" /><br />
<pre> while playlist.count(song) > 3:
playlist.pop(song)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Look at <code>help(list.remove)</code> and <code>help(list.pop)</code> and see if you can determine which uses are correct.
You can also enter the different function completions into IDLE and test them on an equivalent example:
<br />
<pre>>>> playlist = ['A', 'B', A', 'A', 'C', 'A', 'D', 'E', 'A', 'A']
>>> cap_song_repetition(playlist, 'A')
>>> print(playlist)
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>>>> a = [1, 2, 3]
>>> b = a
>>> # MISSING CODE HERE
>>> print(a, b)
[1, 'A', 3] [1, 'A', 3]
</pre>
Which of the following code fragments(s) could be the missing code in the program above?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778dfcfe" name="answer[71fb383838a2f272bcdb776cacf2de6f][]" type="checkbox" value="f934fd6fc4b9393489658e922b42159f" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">a[1] = 'A'</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778e0d82" name="answer[71fb383838a2f272bcdb776cacf2de6f][]" type="checkbox" value="6ab1f3bad3ca939390829a98077030d9" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">b[-2] = 'A'</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778e1908" name="answer[71fb383838a2f272bcdb776cacf2de6f][]" type="checkbox" value="8f9111f26c19b7e61a07143547887a38" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">b[1] = 'AB'
a[1] = a[1][0]
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778e2782" name="answer[71fb383838a2f272bcdb776cacf2de6f][]" type="checkbox" value="f405218850540c4522e44212b24f35c4" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">a = [1, 'A', 3]
b = [1, 'A', 3]
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code, substituting each code fragment in for the missing code. Note that if a[1] is "CAT", then a[1][0] is "C".</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>>>> a = [1, 2, 3]
>>> b = [1, 2, 3]
>>> # MISSING CODE HERE
>>> print(a, b)
[1, 'A', 3] [1, 'A', 3]
</pre>
Which of the following code fragments(s) could be the missing code in the program above?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778e82c5" name="answer[0e1298d24aa9507fbea7f1d6764a9096][]" type="checkbox" value="596896223513c1265dfb9b886477f471" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">a = [1, 'A', 3]
b = [1, 'A', 3]
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778e9c73" name="answer[0e1298d24aa9507fbea7f1d6764a9096][]" type="checkbox" value="c309cd473f3ffe5e1297bfe13e93bd42" /><br />
<pre>a[1] = 'A'
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778ea835" name="answer[0e1298d24aa9507fbea7f1d6764a9096][]" type="checkbox" value="79e59c7d1e77705fe9d288633c3683b9" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">b[-2] = 'A'</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778eb2d4" name="answer[0e1298d24aa9507fbea7f1d6764a9096][]" type="checkbox" value="41d1348c7b680cd24ba033591113a49b" /><br />
<pre>b[1] = 'AB'
a[1] = a[1][0]
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.75 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code, substituting each code fragment in for the missing code. Note that if a[1] is "CAT", then a[1][0] is "C".</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 12</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def increment_items(L, increment):
i = 0
while i < len(L):
L[i] = L[i] + increment
i = i + 1
values = [1, 2, 3]
print(increment_items(values, 2))
print(values)
</pre>
What is printed by the program above?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778ee9c1" name="answer[1b7920e3ecd2a4934c54924e0e100556][]" type="radio" value="279d6e5e7bcb72fca8f47f17993c4596" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">None
[3, 4, 5]</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778ef43f" name="answer[1b7920e3ecd2a4934c54924e0e100556][]" type="radio" value="9a4a7ec2d3a4f00691f643f540743134" /><br />
<pre>None
[1, 2, 3]
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778efb38" name="answer[1b7920e3ecd2a4934c54924e0e100556][]" type="radio" value="56f494b0a2cef66e5b4b2d590dc6d02a" /><br />
<pre>[3, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 3]
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778f020e" name="answer[1b7920e3ecd2a4934c54924e0e100556][]" type="radio" value="f7173ae5fd39ee83ad0b49e66ffaaf8e" /><br />
<pre>[3, 4, 5]
None
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 13</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Select the code fragment(s) that print <code>[3, 6, 9]</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778f3406" name="answer[3f85c551141f886e893667a377c228b3][]" type="checkbox" value="96990f9f7ee8f565dd64da78c271c7ef" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">values = []
for num in range(3, 10, 3):
values.append(num)
print(values)
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f778f3f3a" name="answer[3f85c551141f886e893667a377c228b3][]" type="checkbox" value="cbc847d69ff0eed86eceb4e6d1b9d5a3" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">values = []
for num in range(1, 4):
values.append(num * 3)
print(values)
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f779007bd" name="answer[3f85c551141f886e893667a377c228b3][]" type="checkbox" value="2a2e2955c765028bd80e4b84345ebaee" /><br />
<pre>values = []
for num in range(1, 3):
values.append(num * 3)
print(values)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f7790120e" name="answer[3f85c551141f886e893667a377c228b3][]" type="checkbox" value="1386fb7aaeb09657eacc7395ce1b1e21" /><br />
<pre>values = []
for num in range(3, 9, 3):
values.append(num)
print(values)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Call <code>help(range)</code> to learn about the function <code>range</code> and its two optional arguments.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 14</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Select the function calls to <code>range</code> that, when used to fill in the blank, cause the code to produce the results below.
<br />
<pre>for num in __________________:
print(num)
</pre>
The loop should print this:
<br />
<pre>3
11
19
</pre>
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f77904873" name="answer[fc09310436d6490ece0d215234aeb367][]" type="checkbox" value="da83e8fe67dca3ead89fcaaf1037cfce" /><code>range(3, 20, 8)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f77906c0d" name="answer[fc09310436d6490ece0d215234aeb367][]" type="checkbox" value="7fe6c090ac95e6bed2d12c74e57e75ed" /><code>range(3, 23, 8)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f77908289" name="answer[fc09310436d6490ece0d215234aeb367][]" type="checkbox" value="45b3ead395ad4420b1babc7f1a2051b8" /><code>range(3, 19, 8)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5246f77909349" name="answer[fc09310436d6490ece0d215234aeb367][]" type="checkbox" value="9d07349229e4dba918795e3e4d73679c" /><code>range(3, 8, 20)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Call <code>help(range)</code> to learn about the function <code>range</code> and it's two optional arguments.</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-17705186085413131912013-09-18T03:10:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:26:50.227+05:30Learn to Program: The Fundamentals - Assignment 2 - Week 4<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
Learn to Program: The Fundamentals - Assignment 2
</h1>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
A2 Problem Domain: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The problem domain for A2 is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dna">Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)</a>, the double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic information for living organisms. DNA is made up of four kinds of <i>nucleotides</i>, which are molecules that bond together to form DNA sequences.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The four nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine
(C), and thymine (T). Each strand of DNA is a sequence of nucleotides,
for example AGCTAC. In a program, we will use a string representation of
this, <code>"AGCTAC"</code>.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
DNA has 2 strands in a double helix. The nucleotides in one
strand are bonded to the nucleotides in the other strand. A and T can be
bonded together, and thus <i>complement</i> each other; similarly, C and G are complements of each other.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
You can see a picture of this on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dna">the Wikipedia page for DNA</a>. The two strands in DNA are <i>complementary</i>
because each nucleotide in one strand is bonded with its complement in
the other strand. Thus, given the DNA sequence ACGTACG, its
complementary strand is TGCATGC.
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Terminology in this handout
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A <i>DNA sequence</i> is a sequence of nucleotides, such as TCATGT.
</div>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<h2 id="whattodo" style="text-align: justify;">
What to do
</h2>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Step 2: Write functions <code>get_length</code>, <code>is_longer</code>, <code>count_nucleotides</code>, and <code>contains_sequence</code>. (Be sure to test your code with empty strings where appropriate.)
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
For these functions, you may use built-in functions, <code>str</code> operations (for example: <code>in</code>, <code>+</code>, indexing), and <code>str</code> methods.
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%px;" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 25%;">Function name:<br />
(Parameter types) -> Return type
</th>
<th style="width: 75%;">Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>get_length:</code><br />
<code>(str) -> int</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The parameter is a DNA sequence. Return the length of that sequence.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>is_longer:</code><br />
<code>(str, str) -> bool</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The two parameters are DNA sequences. Return <code>True</code> if and only if the first DNA sequence is longer than the second DNA sequence. (If they are the same length, return <code>False</code>.)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>count_nucleotides:</code><br />
<code>(str, str) -> int</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The first parameter is a DNA sequence and the second parameter is a nucleotide (<code>'A'</code>, <code>'T'</code>, <code>'C'</code> or <code>'G'</code>). Return the number of times the nucleotide occurs in the DNA sequence.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>contains_sequence:</code><br />
<code>(str, str) -> bool</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The two parameters are DNA sequences. Return <code>True</code> if and only if the first DNA sequence contains the second DNA sequence.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">def get_length(dna):<br /> """ (str) -> int<br /><br /> Return the length of the DNA sequence dna.<br /><br /> >>> get_length('ATCGAT')<br /> 6<br /> >>> get_length('ATCG')<br /> 4<br /> """<br /> return len(dna)<br /><br /><br />def is_longer(dna1, dna2):<br /> """ (str, str) -> bool<br /><br /> Return True if and only if DNA sequence dna1 is longer than DNA sequence<br /> dna2.<br /><br /> >>> is_longer('ATCG', 'AT')<br /> True<br /> >>> is_longer('ATCG', 'ATCGGA')<br /> False<br /> """<br /> return len(dna1) > len(dna2)<br /><br /><br />def count_nucleotides(dna, nucleotide):<br /> """ (str, str) -> int<br /><br /> Return the number of occurrences of nucleotide in the DNA sequence dna.<br /><br /> >>> count_nucleotides('ATCGGC', 'G')<br /> 2<br /> >>> count_nucleotides('ATCTA', 'G')<br /> 0<br /> """<br /> number = 0<br /> for num in dna:<br /> if num == nucleotide:<br /> number += 1<br /> return number<br /><br />def contains_sequence(dna1, dna2):<br /> """ (str, str) -> bool<br /><br /> Return True if and only if DNA sequence dna2 occurs in the DNA sequence<br /> dna1.<br /><br /> >>> contains_sequence('ATCGGC', 'GG')<br /> True<br /> >>> contains_sequence('ATCGGC', 'GT')<br /> False<br /><br /> """<br /> return dna2 in dna1</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Step 3: Write functions <code>is_valid_sequence</code> and <code>insert_sequence</code>.
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
There is no starter code for these functions. Use the design
recipe to complete them. We have given you some suggestions for
examples to try, but you should come up with more on your own based on
the descriptions.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
For these functions, you may use built-in functions and <code>str</code> operations (for example: <code>in</code>, <code>+</code>, indexing).
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red;"><b>Do not use <code>str</code> methods.</b></span>
</h4>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%px;" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 25%;">Function name:<br />
(Parameter types) -> Return type
</th>
<th style="width: 75%;">Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>is_valid_sequence:</code><br />
<code>(str) -> bool</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The parameter is a potential DNA sequence. Return <code>True</code> if and only if the DNA sequence is valid (that is, it contains no characters other than <code>'A'</code>, <code>'T'</code>, <code>'C'</code> and <code>'G'</code>).<br />
There are at least 2 ways to approach this. One way
is to count the number of characters that are not nucleotides and then
at the end check whether there were more than zero. Another way is to
use a Boolean variable that represents whether you have found a
non-nucleotide character; it would start off as <code>True</code> and would be set to <code>False</code> if you found something that wasn't an <code>'A'</code>, <code>'T'</code>, <code>'C'</code> or <code>'G'</code>.<br />
You should construct examples that contain only <code>'A'</code>s, <code>'T'</code>s, <code>'C'</code>s and <code>'G'</code>s,
and you should also create examples that contain other characters. A
string is not a valid DNA sequence if it contains lowercase letters.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>insert_sequence:</code><br />
<code>(str, str, int) -> str</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The first two parameters are DNA sequences and the
third parameter is an index. Return the DNA sequence obtained by
inserting the second DNA sequence into the first DNA sequence at the
given index. (You can assume that the index is valid.)<br />
For example, If you call this function with arguments <code>'CCGG'</code>, <code>'AT'</code>, and <code>2</code>, then it should return <code>'CCATGG'</code>.<br />
When coming up with more examples, think about where
the second DNA sequence might be inserted: what are the extremes?
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Once you have finished writing these functions, in IDLE,
choose Run -> Run Module. In the shell, test your function by running
some example function calls. </div>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> def is_valid_sequence(dna):<br /> ''' (str) -> bool<br /> Return True if only DNA sequence is valid.<br /><br /> >>> is_valid_sequence('ATCG')<br /> True<br /> >>> is_valid_sequence('LTPROCKS')<br /> False<br /> '''<br /> for n in dna:<br /> if n not in('ATCG'):<br /> return False<br /> else:<br /> return True<br /><br />def insert_sequence(dna1,dna2,index):<br /> ''' (str,str,int) -> str<br /> Return the DNA sequence obtained by inserting the second DNA sequence<br /> into the first DNA sequence at the given index.<br /><br /> >>> insert_sequence('CCGG','AT',2)<br /> CCATGG<br /> '''<br /> return dna1[:index] + dna2 + dna1[index:]</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Step 4: Write functions <code>get_complement</code> and <code>get_complementary_sequence</code>.
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
There is no starter code for these functions. Use the design
recipe to complete them. We have given you some suggestions for
examples to try, but you should come up with more on your own based on
the descriptions.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
For these functions, you may use built-in functions and <code>str</code> operations (for example: <code>in</code>, <code>+</code>, indexing).
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red;"><b>Do not use <code>str</code> methods.</b></span>
</h4>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%px;" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 25%;">Function name:<br />
(Parameter types) -> Return type
</th>
<th style="width: 75%;">Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>get_complement:</code><br />
<code>(str) -> str</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The first parameter is a nucleotide (<code>'A'</code>, <code>'T'</code>, <code>'C'</code> or <code>'G'</code>). Return the nucleotide's complement.<br />
We have intentionally not given you any examples for
this function. The Problem Domain section explains what a nucleotide is
and what a complement is.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>get_complementary_sequence:</code><br />
<code>(str) -> str</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The parameter is a DNA sequence. Return the DNA sequence that is complementary to the given DNA sequence.<br />
For exmaple, if you call this function with <code>'AT'</code> as the argument, it should return <code>'TA'</code>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Once you have finished writing these functions, in IDLE,
choose Run -> Run Module. In the shell, test your function by running
some example function calls. </div>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">def get_complement(n):<br /> '''(str) -> str<br /> Return the complement of a nucleotide.<br /><br /> >>> get_complement('A')<br /> T<br /> >>> get_complement('C')<br /> G<br /> '''<br /><br /> if n == 'A':<br /> return 'T'<br /> elif n == 'T':<br /> return 'A'<br /> <br /> if n == 'C':<br /> return 'G'<br /> elif n == 'G':<br /> return 'C'<br /><br />def get_complementary_sequence(dna):<br /> '''(str) -> str<br /> Return the complement of a given DNA sequence.<br /><br /> >>> get_complementary_sequence('ATCGGACT')<br /> TAGCCTGA<br /> >>> get_complementary_sequence('GCACTCC')<br /> CGTGAGG<br /> '''<br /><br /> complementary_seq = ''<br /> for n in dna:<br /> complementary_seq += get_complement(n)<br /> return complementary_seq</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-26636976147069629832013-09-17T05:11:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:27:31.328+05:30Learn to Program: The Fundamentals - Week 4 Exercise<br />
Score of <b>14.00</b> out of <b>14.00</b>. <br />
<div class="course-quiz-preamble" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Trace the code by hand (on paper) and then use the
visualizer or debugger to verify your trace. Tracing by hand is an
important skill in programming, as painful as it can be.</b> </div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Select the expression(s) that produce <code>True</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3a89e83" name="answer[3b139fa488918f033860e5f533338e50][]" type="checkbox" value="152298c1e21b6a4540e42569246cc257" /><code>len('aabbcc') == 6</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3a8ac08" name="answer[3b139fa488918f033860e5f533338e50][]" type="checkbox" value="26f5dc09b9e224c811bee0f45a9d9e1a" /><code>len('aabbcc') == 3</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3a8b915" name="answer[3b139fa488918f033860e5f533338e50][]" type="checkbox" value="adc2827cb084c516398dd99bdcb7d198" /><code>'do' in "don't"</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3a8c684" name="answer[3b139fa488918f033860e5f533338e50][]" type="checkbox" value="8eac4f09a2e16e2299db7b79603f7158" /><code>'as' in 'it happens'</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run this code in the IDLE Python shell.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What value does the expression <code>len('')</code> produce?
<br />
<br />
Note: there are no spaces between the quotes.</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5230ff3a8f31f">Answer for Question 2</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5230ff3a8f31f" name="answer[01793828babf6c0711066ec9c0ebb016][answer]" readonly="readonly">0</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">0</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run this code.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
After the following assignment statement has been executed, which expression(s) produce the letter <code>'g'</code>?
<br />
<pre>dance_style = 'Vogue'</pre>
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3a953c8" name="answer[a74fbddf2de63de7c8250e9fa54f1a2c][]" type="checkbox" value="85fc0daf710b4651d6ebcc027dc4f30e" /><code>dance_style[1]</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3a9621b" name="answer[a74fbddf2de63de7c8250e9fa54f1a2c][]" type="checkbox" value="402e9b899f330cd5810fe69fc33af2da" /><code>dance_style[-3]</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3a97060" name="answer[a74fbddf2de63de7c8250e9fa54f1a2c][]" type="checkbox" value="831ca397270650f988396f8eeee35368" /><code>dance_style[3]</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3a98057" name="answer[a74fbddf2de63de7c8250e9fa54f1a2c][]" type="checkbox" value="ee5a47e348558f828e5eea5033dcb6d7" /><code>dance_style[2]</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Positive indices count from the left-hand side with the first character at index 0, the second at index 1, and so on.<br />
Negative indices count from the right-hand side with the last character at index -1, the second last at index -2, and so on.<br />
You can, of course, try running these.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>title = 'King'
</pre>
Using <code>title</code> and indexing (not slicing), write an expression that produces <code>'n'</code>.</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5230ff3a9bc17">Answer for Question 4</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5230ff3a9bc17" name="answer[7f415f2642c953e7c49601d92db734a1][answer]" readonly="readonly">title[2]</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">title[2]</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code.<br />
Positive indices count from the left-hand side with the first character at index 0, the second at index 1, and so on.<br />
Negative indices count from the right-hand side with the last character at index -1, the second last at index -2, and so on.<br />
Make sure you are using string <b>indexing</b>, not string slicing, and you know the difference. Rewatch the relevant videos if you need to.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>s = 'pineapple'
</pre>
Select the expression(s) that produce <code>'apple'</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3aa5f97" name="answer[30ffbf8a9ee78b3a97e74f649addf880][]" type="checkbox" value="fddf2acc3fe235ffa67b775344365f90" /><code>s[5:]</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3aa7317" name="answer[30ffbf8a9ee78b3a97e74f649addf880][]" type="checkbox" value="9dbf08285a68c2f48786d4e4adaba4d7" /><code>s[-5:]</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3aa835b" name="answer[30ffbf8a9ee78b3a97e74f649addf880][]" type="checkbox" value="5505fcad08058d1cd32e82ebc8f6f6de" /><code>s[5:9]</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3aa9205" name="answer[30ffbf8a9ee78b3a97e74f649addf880][]" type="checkbox" value="f0cd74c0af981fa5bbd0579b8263d49f" /><code>s[4:9]</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code in the Python shell.<br />
Positive indices count from the left-hand side with the first character at index 0, the second at index 1, and so on.<br />
Negative indices count from the right-hand side with the last character at index -1, the second last at index -2, and so on.<br />
A slice goes from the start index up to but not including the end index.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>prefix = 'mad'
</pre>
What string does the expression <code>prefix[:1] + prefix[1:3] + prefix[-2] + prefix[0]</code> produce?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5230ff3aac678">Answer for Question 6</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5230ff3aac678" name="answer[11db860a1d31805eb7b06b00d60d54dc][answer]" readonly="readonly">'madam'</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">'madam'</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code.<br />
Positive indices count from the left-hand side with the first character at index 0, the second at index 1, and so on.<br />
Negative indices count from the right-hand side with the last character at index -1, the second last at index -2, and so on.<br />
A slice goes from the start index up to but not including the end index.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Select the expression(s) that produce <code>True</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ab2881" name="answer[2a44b27f63051784b917d75a02e6aad7][]" type="checkbox" value="6baee46c940683982aa29e266cbbef9d" /><code>'12.34'.isalnum()</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ab3a1f" name="answer[2a44b27f63051784b917d75a02e6aad7][]" type="checkbox" value="4834898f859faa505c103409052f3580" /><code>'apple'.upper().isupper() </code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ab483b" name="answer[2a44b27f63051784b917d75a02e6aad7][]" type="checkbox" value="c0767a151eb4e02d1f5257eff2037d96" /><code>'abc123'.isdigit()</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ab55e6" name="answer[2a44b27f63051784b917d75a02e6aad7][]" type="checkbox" value="b9d5c008f1d6cd0bf35fd9b0a16856c6" /><code>'apple'.upper() == 'APPLE'</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code. Call function <code>help</code> to learn more about each <code>str</code> method. For example, <code>help(str.islower)</code>.
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Select the expression(s) that produce <code>True</code> when variable <code>s</code> refers to a <code>str</code> that is entirely alphabetic or entirely numeric, and that produce <code>False</code> if the <code>str</code> is not entirely alphabetic and not entirely numeric.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ab9ec7" name="answer[cfd929618bc1f9084ab2c3bc59309af0][]" type="checkbox" value="deb4495fa623446b847980cc51512d44" /><code>s.isalpha() and s.isnumeric()</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3abac7e" name="answer[cfd929618bc1f9084ab2c3bc59309af0][]" type="checkbox" value="e95fbd8aaeed05e2d248b09e2d24def1" /><code>s.islower() or s.isupper()</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3abb992" name="answer[cfd929618bc1f9084ab2c3bc59309af0][]" type="checkbox" value="a175de83831ea8967a32eeccb3536a07" /><code>s.isalpha() or s.isnumeric()</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3abc687" name="answer[cfd929618bc1f9084ab2c3bc59309af0][]" type="checkbox" value="a55c696692de2b5765103b59bce8f771" /><code>s.lower() or s.upper() or s.isdigit()</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Call function <code>help</code> to learn more about each <code>str</code> method used in this question. For example, <code>help(str.isdigit)</code>.
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Variables <code>s1</code> and <code>s2</code> refer to <code>str</code>s. The expression <code>s1.find(s2)</code> returns the index of the first occurrence of <code>s2</code> in <code>s1</code>. The expression <code>s1.find(s2, 5)</code> returns the index of the first occurrence of <code>s2</code> in <code>s1</code>, starting at index 5 within <code>s1</code>. (See <code>help(str.find)</code> for more info)<br />
Write an expression that produces the index of the <i>second</i> occurrence of <code>s2</code> in <code>s1</code>. If <code>s2</code> does not occur twice in <code>s1</code>, the expression should produce <code>-1</code>. Unlike <code>str.count</code>, you should allow overlapping occurrences of <code>s2</code>.<br />
For example, if <code>s1</code> is <code>"banana"</code> and <code>s2</code> is <code>"ana"</code>, your expression should return 3. If <code>s1</code> is <code>"apple"</code> and <code>s2</code> is <code>"p"</code>, your expression should return 2.<br />
Your answer must be a single expression that does not use square
brackets (string indexing and slicing), and you can only call method <code>str.find</code> and use the arithmetic operators (+, -, etc.).<br />
Hint: call <code>str.find</code> twice in your expression.</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5230ff3abf483">Answer for Question 9</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5230ff3abf483" name="answer[309780fad567f540d7deae73ffc3dfff][answer]" readonly="readonly">s1.find(s2,(s1.find(s2) + 1))</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">s1.find(s2,(s1.find(s2) + 1))</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>You will almost certainly need to run your answer to check whether it works.<br />
If you're struggling with where to start, or confused about <code>str.find</code> and optional arguments, review the <code>str</code> method video.<br />
If you don't understand why your code was marked incorrect, try testing it on more values of <code>s1</code> and <code>s2</code>.
<br />
One of the calls to <code>str.find</code> should be an argument to the other call.<br />
The expression <code>s1.find(s2, 5)</code> starts looking for <code>s2</code> at index 5 within <code>s1</code>. If you're trying to find the <i>second</i> occurrence of <code>s2</code> in <code>s1</code>, at what index should you start looking? What does that depend on?</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>digits = '0123456789'
result = 0
for digit in digits:
result = result + int(digit)
print(result)
</pre>
What is printed by the code above?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ac6639" name="answer[fcd2055a493a211da81b79b0d2e49d96][]" type="radio" value="01a0eae83caee9e00e207de676686b84" /><code>45.0</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ac6ea6" name="answer[fcd2055a493a211da81b79b0d2e49d96][]" type="radio" value="400115f431d3dc90fabae1c5b661d56e" /><code>9876543210</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ac76fd" name="answer[fcd2055a493a211da81b79b0d2e49d96][]" type="radio" value="489134107915ff0e22a3ac0053113f4d" /><code>45</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ac83d2" name="answer[fcd2055a493a211da81b79b0d2e49d96][]" type="radio" value="347fd04cacc48ab8e6161da5258eb0d2" /><code>0123456789</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code in IDLE or the Python Visualizer (or both).</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>digits = '0123456789'
result = 0
for digit in digits:
result = digit
print(result)
</pre>
What is printed by the code above?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3acc1bf" name="answer[094503fedfd73f2fd9dd38d05b715efb][]" type="radio" value="62f812b33fd93a5b892fe2071e001537" /><code>45</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3accac5" name="answer[094503fedfd73f2fd9dd38d05b715efb][]" type="radio" value="d0306ad43206af2cf0c706d9c973d8a5" /><code>0123456789</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3acd322" name="answer[094503fedfd73f2fd9dd38d05b715efb][]" type="radio" value="f69f7aed71918860cdfb644f88da6530" /><code>9</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3acdfff" name="answer[094503fedfd73f2fd9dd38d05b715efb][]" type="radio" value="c1165a18a1e6341d94f9bf5e997d1d77" /><code>0</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code in IDLE or the Python Visualizer (or both).</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 12</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>digits = '0123456789'
result = ''
for digit in digits:
result = result + digit * 2
print(result)
</pre>
What is printed by the code above?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ad2391" name="answer[a9da22c4ba1b75c15c43c3e104188a4d][]" type="radio" value="52eebf84fd2e0b8ff530f210dfe87bfb" /><code>90</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ad2d38" name="answer[a9da22c4ba1b75c15c43c3e104188a4d][]" type="radio" value="9b0b90e4def94d31099ac5d9b6e34e85" /><code>0123456789</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ad4bb4" name="answer[a9da22c4ba1b75c15c43c3e104188a4d][]" type="radio" value="768a3347f4bddcc1f714669203275192" /><code>00112233445566778899</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ad5ec6" name="answer[a9da22c4ba1b75c15c43c3e104188a4d][]" type="radio" value="f839c6e349841cbbcd667f37306e5a0e" /><code>45</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code in IDLE or the Python Visualizer (or both). Think about the operand types involved in the various operations.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u><span style="font-size: small;">Question 13</span></u></h3>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
<span style="font-size: small;">Select the code fragment(s) that print <code>Happy 30th!</code>.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><br /></th>
<th><br /></th>
<th><br /></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3adba5f" name="answer[eb096c7e4a91d28e9e97988aceceafe3][]" type="checkbox" value="ccbd3c5bded9955398b9d3858b2c0b70" /></span></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;">message = 'Happy 29th!'
new_message = ''
for char in message:
if not char.isdigit():
new_message = new_message + char
else:
new_message = new_message + str((int(char) + 1) % 10)
print(new_message)
</span></span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;">0.25</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3adca12" name="answer[eb096c7e4a91d28e9e97988aceceafe3][]" type="checkbox" value="ecda6b17a6c2e128b6a3743ca509b2eb" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: small;">message = 'Happy 29th!'
new_message = ''
for char in message:
new_message = new_message + str((int(char) + 1) % 10)
print(new_message)
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3add8c9" name="answer[eb096c7e4a91d28e9e97988aceceafe3][]" type="checkbox" value="0513ff96bbbd8be65fcdf29762fe0542" /></span></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;">message = 'Happy 29th!'
new_message = ''
for char in message:
if char.isdigit():
new_message = new_message + str((int(char) + 1) % 10)
else:
new_message = new_message + char
print(new_message)
</span></span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;">0.25</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ade835" name="answer[eb096c7e4a91d28e9e97988aceceafe3][]" type="checkbox" value="24149d22c373f3f6bdb68e273ff6d10c" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: small;">message = 'Happy 29th!'
new_message = ''
for char in message:
if char.isdigit():
new_message = new_message + str((int(char) + 1) % 10)
new_message = new_message + char
print(new_message)
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Question Explanation</b>Run the code in IDLE or the Python Visualizer (or both).</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: small;">Question 14</span></u></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Part of the body of the following function is missing. Select the missing code fragment.
</span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: small;">def common_chars(s1, s2):
'''(str, str) -> str
Return a new string containing all characters from s1 that appear at least
once in s2. The characters in the result will appear in the same order as
they appear in s1.
>>> common_chars('abc', 'ad')
'a'
>>> common_chars('a', 'a')
'a'
>>> common_chars('abb', 'ab')
'abb'
>>> common_chars('abracadabra', 'ra')
'araaara'
'''
res = ''
# BODY MISSING
return res
</span></pre>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th><span style="font-size: small;">Your Answer</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: small;">Score</span></th>
<th><span style="font-size: small;">Explanation</span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ae316a" name="answer[8113da665e68ce8f4798eebd67506db4][]" type="radio" value="33a4376625447278119db4702aeadb4c" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: small;"> for ch in s1:
for ch in s2:
res = res + ch
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ae3c94" name="answer[8113da665e68ce8f4798eebd67506db4][]" type="radio" value="8ea14c3dc453134e9e77d04c72edcd28" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: small;"> for ch in s1:
if ch in s2:
res = ch + res
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ae4716" name="answer[8113da665e68ce8f4798eebd67506db4][]" type="radio" value="8243f3c0da07d6dcb99f3899521cd02d" /></span></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;"> for ch in s1:
if ch in s2:
res = res + ch
</span></span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span style="font-size: small;">1.00</span></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5230ff3ae54e1" name="answer[8113da665e68ce8f4798eebd67506db4][]" type="radio" value="6174e02cfeda1b0b310922506e9a507c" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="font-size: small;"> if ch in s2:
for ch in s1:
res = res + ch
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="font-size: small;">Total</span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></td>
<td><span style="font-size: small;">1.00 / 1.00</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-64693903062870467862013-09-16T22:02:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:27:48.687+05:30Learn to Program: The Fundamentals — Week 3 Exercise <div id="course-page-content" role="main" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Score of <b>16.00</b> out of <b>16.00</b>. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<form id="quiz_form" method="post">
<div class="course-quiz-preamble">
You should run any code that you are unsure of, in IDLE or in the Python Visualizer (or both). </div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Variable <code>dollars</code> refers to the value <code>8</code>. Select the expression(s) that produce <code>True</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a8d42b" name="answer[8b64a0042ba29c145e209ebbcd9c413a][]" type="checkbox" value="71982066d49726b2127f03d769454b20" /><code>8 >= dollars</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a8e18a" name="answer[8b64a0042ba29c145e209ebbcd9c413a][]" type="checkbox" value="2bbe84b07a93dcd37c654b232dce0bbf" /><code>dollars != 8</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a8ef4a" name="answer[8b64a0042ba29c145e209ebbcd9c413a][]" type="checkbox" value="f47821319d49108e345b222c95d7eef0" /><code>8 = dollars</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a8fc9c" name="answer[8b64a0042ba29c145e209ebbcd9c413a][]" type="checkbox" value="bc02418c3ca019a9fab24006825009b1" /><code>dollars == 8.0</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The equality operator is <code>==</code>, and the assignment operator is <code>=</code>. When the equality operator (<code>==</code>) is applied to <code>int</code> value <code>8</code> and <code>float</code> value <code>8.0</code>, the two values are considered equivalent.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Variable <code>instructors</code> refers to the value <code>2</code>. Select the expression(s) that produce <code>True</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a93f91" name="answer[e82698e6facc405de8db7b6fd9caa8fa][]" type="checkbox" value="e678da0d515c1f3ae4a99f47d3c1355d" /><code>not not instructors >= -3</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a94c3f" name="answer[e82698e6facc405de8db7b6fd9caa8fa][]" type="checkbox" value="833cfec47ce6f5ae7e06ae63d1767aef" /><code>not instructors * 2 > 1</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a958a9" name="answer[e82698e6facc405de8db7b6fd9caa8fa][]" type="checkbox" value="45eb5de30bb4269a7804aecce5fa03fb" /><code>instructors < 2 or instructors > 4</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a964ef" name="answer[e82698e6facc405de8db7b6fd9caa8fa][]" type="checkbox" value="1b066c62c2044201b9be4604bfeaba42" /><code>instructors < 0 or instructors > 1</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b><code>and</code> evaluates to <code>True</code> if and only if both operands are <code>True</code>.<br />
<code>or</code> evaluates to <code>True</code> if at least one of the operands is <code>True</code>.<br />
<code>not True</code> is <code>False</code> and <code>not False</code> is <code>True</code>.<br />
Boolean operators (like <code>not</code> and <code>or</code>) have lower precedence (happen later) than comparative operators (like <code>>=</code> and <code>==</code>).</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Variable <code>dollars</code> refers to the value <code>18</code> and variable <code>cents</code> refers to the value <code>53</code>. Select the expression(s) that produce <code>True</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a9a88f" name="answer[27f5b69e423ed4d48e508ae8cccd8ba1][]" type="checkbox" value="f24e48e7b0a87398bdada2ad1d180dc4" /><code>not (dollars < cents and dollars > 0)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a9b500" name="answer[27f5b69e423ed4d48e508ae8cccd8ba1][]" type="checkbox" value="60d230eb4ef62eca3816ec10aa2b5df8" /><code>not dollars < 10 and cents > 15</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a9c19c" name="answer[27f5b69e423ed4d48e508ae8cccd8ba1][]" type="checkbox" value="f44132354b24626032fd11e2f885ec70" /><code>(not dollars == 18) or cents == 53</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031a9ce32" name="answer[27f5b69e423ed4d48e508ae8cccd8ba1][]" type="checkbox" value="0d4b3cb20fed66e8d16d61008a80ed2c" /><code>not dollars == 18 or not cents == 53</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b><code>and</code> evaluates to <code>True</code> if and only if both operands are <code>True</code>.<br />
<code>or</code> evaluates to <code>True</code> if at least one of the operands is <code>True</code>.<br />
<code>not True</code> is <code>False</code> and <code>not False</code> is <code>True</code>.<br />
<code>not</code> has higher precedence than <code>and</code> and <code>or</code>.<br />
Boolean operators (like <code>not</code> and <code>or</code>) have lower precedence (happen later) than comparative operators (like <code>>=</code> and <code>==</code>).</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The following is a valid Python expression, where <code>x</code> is a variable that refers to an <code>int</code> value:
<br />
<pre>8 > x >= 5
</pre>
Select the expression that is equivalent to the one above. Remember that you can try this out in the Python shell.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aa12cf" name="answer[d72b221c433a4a87282918a2a03ef405][]" type="radio" value="f18a02eb5cba214ec6708e58fff6ac72" /><code>8 > x or x >= 5</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aa1bba" name="answer[d72b221c433a4a87282918a2a03ef405][]" type="radio" value="03f006ddb43bd7e8c5d6f1257f64ba4b" /><code>not (8 > x and x >= 5)</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aa243b" name="answer[d72b221c433a4a87282918a2a03ef405][]" type="radio" value="893f29f00478cab69977d40ab648fb4f" /><code>x > 8 and x >= 5</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aa2d87" name="answer[d72b221c433a4a87282918a2a03ef405][]" type="radio" value="d61b2db10d37daca2df860a3e448de9e" /><code>8 > x and x >= 5</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>In English, the expression <code>8 > x >= 5</code> means: <b>8 is greater than x and x is greater than or equal to 5</b>.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What does the expression <code>int(72.5)</code> produce?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aa70cb" name="answer[e9efe998d64c09d29467c319c5899697][]" type="radio" value="24338ad4fbeb929dcfb2ecc4b7b6d07e" /><code>'72'</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aa7a40" name="answer[e9efe998d64c09d29467c319c5899697][]" type="radio" value="cae0e044614412555635361ac154646f" /><code>72.0</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aa833a" name="answer[e9efe998d64c09d29467c319c5899697][]" type="radio" value="0c7587d94674c8761284f0c3011bcfbf" /><code>73</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aa8b74" name="answer[e9efe998d64c09d29467c319c5899697][]" type="radio" value="0c4183f38a38237c12b8a0b05bc06cec" /><code>72</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Part of the help for <code>int</code> says this:
<br />
<pre>Convert a string or number to an integer, if possible. </pre>
You can also try this in the Python shell.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
<pre style="font-size: 90%;">if eggs % 12 == 0:
return False
else:
return True
</pre>
Select the statement(s) that are equivalent to the code fragment above.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aacc67" name="answer[b27a673d9749d4bc1529781eb56cdaef][]" type="checkbox" value="0f126a9c040baeda8b39149ce21b2a5c" /><code>return eggs % 12 == 0</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aadf6d" name="answer[b27a673d9749d4bc1529781eb56cdaef][]" type="checkbox" value="08bbc34a467f2f242674e810cd680cea" /><code>return not eggs % 12 == 0</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aaee65" name="answer[b27a673d9749d4bc1529781eb56cdaef][]" type="checkbox" value="5040a88dc78aa6fd689e2f5728567e18" /><code>return eggs % 12 != 0</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031aaff57" name="answer[b27a673d9749d4bc1529781eb56cdaef][]" type="checkbox" value="27dd21d970d3eaf53cfdffb5d56b406a" /><code>return not (eggs % 12 != 0)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Try setting <code>eggs</code> to several different values and seeing what <code>eggs % 12 == 0</code> evaluates to, and then think about how that relates to what is returned.<br />
Because this code fragment has <code>return</code> statements in it,
you can't simply copy and paste it into the Python shell. Try putting
this code fragment into a function that has a parameter named <code>eggs</code>.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>age1 = input("How old are you? ")
age2 = input("How old is your best friend? ")</pre>
The user enters the ages in years as whole numbers (e.g., 2). Select
the code fragment(s) that print the sum of the ages. Be sure to use
Python 3.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ab50d2" name="answer[7c43af50634f29a6078f0f23f9cfbdb7][]" type="checkbox" value="0686e933e857bad8c77cdeb6b3cfc609" /><br />
<pre>print(str(int(age1 + age2)))</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ab61a1" name="answer[7c43af50634f29a6078f0f23f9cfbdb7][]" type="checkbox" value="41b940237b6617045c097c16f954e942" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">print(int(age1) + int(age2))</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ab720a" name="answer[7c43af50634f29a6078f0f23f9cfbdb7][]" type="checkbox" value="e621c9f969499f3b981b4e6d6dab0b98" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">x = int(age1)
y = int(age2)
print(str(x + y))
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ab8227" name="answer[7c43af50634f29a6078f0f23f9cfbdb7][]" type="checkbox" value="1315ab97e57cce4b6182bb6843655e6c" /><br />
<pre>print(age1 + age2)</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Use <code>help(input)</code> to
see what type of value the input function returns. You should also run
this code in the Python IDLE shell to try the various options and
determine the correct answer(s).</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The <code>math</code> module has a function that finds the ceiling of
a number (the smallest integral value greater or equal to the number).
Assuming that the <code>math</code> module has already been imported, write an expression that calls the ceiling function from <code>math</code> to find the ceiling of <code>84.2</code>.<br />
<i>Hint:</i> In IDLE, <code>import math</code> and then use <code>dir</code> and <code>help</code> on the <code>math</code> module to determine the name of the function that you need to use.</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_522a031abaefc">Answer for Question 8</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_522a031abaefc" name="answer[c638a460a088eb336fb3269dc915bb80][answer]" readonly="readonly">math.ceil(84.2)</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">math.ceil(84.2)</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>To access a function from <code>math</code>, use <code>math.<i>function_name</i></code><br />
<code>math.ceiling</code> is not a function. Run <code>import math</code> and then use <code>dir(math)</code> to figure out the correct name of the function to compute the ceiling of a number.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
A program in <code>book.py</code> uses functions defined in <code>chapter.py</code>. In order to call functions from the <code>chapter</code> module, what statement must appear in the <code>book</code> module?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_522a031abf7e3">Answer for Question 9</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_522a031abf7e3" name="answer[92614df62e2992be4dc6262507fb7273][answer]" readonly="readonly">import chapter</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">import chapter</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>To use functions from one module in another, the module must first be imported.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What is printed when this code is executed?
<br />
<pre>def traffic_report(light):
if light == 'red':
return 'stop'
elif light == 'yellow':
return 'slow'
elif light == 'green':
return 'go'
print(traffic_report('yellow'))
</pre>
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ac588b" name="answer[6ea95ceb405a2be49f22e3dc98ec0399][]" type="radio" value="82e8ceaf83ba674e505d9501be3de2ef" /><code>None</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ac60d3" name="answer[6ea95ceb405a2be49f22e3dc98ec0399][]" type="radio" value="172e69480a980fd71908447bcc61d523" /><code>go</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ac6933" name="answer[6ea95ceb405a2be49f22e3dc98ec0399][]" type="radio" value="d6af4426a34d3baa121d39d1b50dcfc9" /><code>slow</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ac75d9" name="answer[6ea95ceb405a2be49f22e3dc98ec0399][]" type="radio" value="e4ae1f874424ce7fadd714f5dc2f13f4" /><code>
stop<br />
slow<br />
go</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ac7e10" name="answer[6ea95ceb405a2be49f22e3dc98ec0399][]" type="radio" value="cd27e8d648d524fc5d10b47974fe1555" /><code>stop</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>At most one of the <code>if</code> and <code>elif</code> clauses is executed. Run this code in IDLE to check your answer.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What is printed when this code is executed?
<br />
<pre>def traffic_report(light):
if light == 'red':
return 'stop'
elif light == 'yellow':
return 'slow'
elif light == 'green':
return 'go'
print(traffic_report('orange'))
</pre>
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031acd42e" name="answer[656f0354ba3a49c94235837453f1209e][]" type="radio" value="e922b04550a8f826b1ad322a8a0d9ba4" /><code>
stop<br />
slow<br />
go</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031acde07" name="answer[656f0354ba3a49c94235837453f1209e][]" type="radio" value="bdb800f3e2b7a3c16a4c306893e25879" /><code>slow</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ace724" name="answer[656f0354ba3a49c94235837453f1209e][]" type="radio" value="6d0cfa91f74f19e982c710bc3ca2f27e" /><code>None</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031acf702" name="answer[656f0354ba3a49c94235837453f1209e][]" type="radio" value="a5f5b7cd2005e470f895ed14c44fc8a8" /><code>go</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ad0019" name="answer[656f0354ba3a49c94235837453f1209e][]" type="radio" value="1be50c510993134d49ab9e27d4b1b176" /><code>stop</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>None of the <code>if</code> or <code>elif</code> conditions is <code>True</code>, so none of the <code>return</code> statements is executed. Try running this code in IDLE. </div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 12</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider the following function definition:
<br />
<pre>def weather_report(temp):
if temp >= 20:
return 'warm enough for ice cream'
elif temp >= 0:
return 'above freezing'
</pre>
Select the function call(s) that produce <code>'warm enough for ice cream'</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ad4703" name="answer[f6fff1c1656b80c045b1d44fe8a602be][]" type="checkbox" value="f7bf72faf81ed5abe01ce9ab64e5d3a3" /><code>weather_report(30)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ad5592" name="answer[f6fff1c1656b80c045b1d44fe8a602be][]" type="checkbox" value="a3e9454df3bf5203ab2e59a64c03fcf9" /><code>weather_report(10)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ad63e1" name="answer[f6fff1c1656b80c045b1d44fe8a602be][]" type="checkbox" value="21dfa5c97b65d584f213e73dbbccccc4" /><code>weather_report(-5)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ad71c6" name="answer[f6fff1c1656b80c045b1d44fe8a602be][]" type="checkbox" value="a40d8366b1a0d7830c1f48364fa9f434" /><code>weather_report(20)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>At most one of the <code>if</code> and <code>elif</code> clauses is executed. Run this code in IDLE to check your answer.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 13</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
<code>grade1</code> and <code>grade2</code> represent two grades (<code>float</code>s)
between 0.0 and 100.0, inclusive. A passing grade is greater than or
equal to 50. Select the code fragment(s) that prints the average of
all passing grade(s). The printed value should be 0.0 if neither grade
is a passing grade, the passing grade if exactly one grade is a passing
grade, and the average of the two grades if both are passing grades.
<br />
<br />
Watch your <code>if</code>s and <code>elif</code>s!</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031adb88d" name="answer[ca7fcf3eaeb06c5d362ef4f752aed0d9][]" type="checkbox" value="18b5c7bc659d3b55055e146b12456396" /><br />
<pre>total = 0
grade_count = 0
if grade1 >= 50:
total = total + grade1
grade_count = grade_count + 1
if grade2 >= 50:
total = total + grade2
grade_count = grade_count + 1
if grade_count > 0:
print(total / grade_count)
else:
print(0.0)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>Consider what happens when the first grade is not a passing grade, but the second grade is.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031adc5be" name="answer[ca7fcf3eaeb06c5d362ef4f752aed0d9][]" type="checkbox" value="0998513fb868d28de8ce1a487fda5574" /></span><br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">total = 0
grade_count = 0
if grade1 >= 50:
total = total + grade1
grade_count = grade_count + 1
if grade2 >= 50:
total = total + grade2
grade_count = grade_count + 1
if grade_count > 0:
print(total / grade_count)
else:
print(0.0)
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><br /></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031add510" name="answer[ca7fcf3eaeb06c5d362ef4f752aed0d9][]" type="checkbox" value="adc8562495ef8fdec00dff1c74c1f898" /><br />
<pre>total = 0
grade_count = 0
if grade1 >= 50:
total = total + grade1
grade_count = grade_count + 1
elif grade2 >= 50:
total = total + grade2
grade_count = grade_count + 1
if grade_count > 0:
print(total / grade_count)
else:
print(0.0)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>Consider what happens when both grades are passing grades.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_522a031ade287" name="answer[ca7fcf3eaeb06c5d362ef4f752aed0d9][]" type="checkbox" value="1064d5811eb2f3d4a932fe8eba3d8f26" /><br />
<pre>total = 0
grade_count = 0
if grade1 >= 50:
total = total + grade1
grade_count = grade_count + 1
else:
total = total + grade2
grade_count = grade_count + 1
if grade_count > 0:
print(total / grade_count)
else:
print(0.0)
</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>Consider what happens when both grades are failing grades.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>For an <code>if</code> statement with <code>elif</code>s, the body of at most one of those clauses is executed.
<br />
<br />
If there are multiple <code>if</code> statements, then multiple bodies can be executed.
<br />
<br />
Run the code in IDLE or the Python Visualizer.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 14</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Including the frame for the main program, how many stack frames exist
at the current point of execution (indicated by the Python Visualizer
with blue highlighting)? Remember that the red arrow indicates the line
that is <i>about</i> to be executed.<br />
To answer this, you should use the Python Visualizer for this code: <a href="http://pythontutor.com/visualize.html#code=def+greeting%28name%29%3A%0A++++return+%27Hi,+%27+%2B+name%0A%0Adef+exclaim%28statement%29%3A%0A++++return+statement+%2B+%27%21%27%0A%0Adef+enthusiastic_greeting%28name%29%3A%0A++++greeting_message+%3D+exclaim%28greeting%28name%29%29%0A++++print%28greeting_message%29%0A%0Aenthusiastic_greeting%28%27Orion%27%29%0A&mode=display&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=true&drawParentPointers=true&textReferences=true&showOnlyOutputs=false&py=3&curInstr=0" target="_blank">greeting.py</a>
<br />
<img height="242" src="https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/programming1%2Fimages%2Fquiz%2Fweek3%2Fstack_1.png" width="320" /><br />
(Note: we omitted docstrings in this code to save space. Don't do this in your own code!)</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_522a031ae1154">Answer for Question 14</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_522a031ae1154" name="answer[f4c7a489f2288eed0bba8a827da55f09][answer]" readonly="readonly">1</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">1</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The first stack frame is for the main
part of your program. Every time a function is called, a new stack
frame is created, and as soon as a function finishes running, the stack
frame for that function is removed.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 15</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Including the frame for the main program, how many stack frames exist
at the current point of execution (indicated by the Python Visualizer
with blue highlighting)? Remember that the red arrow indicates the line
that is <i>about</i> to be executed.<br />
To answer this, you should use the Python Visualizer for this code: <a href="http://pythontutor.com/visualize.html#code=def+greeting%28name%29%3A%0A++++return+%27Hi,+%27+%2B+name%0A%0Adef+exclaim%28statement%29%3A%0A++++return+statement+%2B+%27%21%27%0A%0Adef+enthusiastic_greeting%28name%29%3A%0A++++greeting_message+%3D+exclaim%28greeting%28name%29%29%0A++++print%28greeting_message%29%0A%0Aenthusiastic_greeting%28%27Orion%27%29%0A&mode=display&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=true&drawParentPointers=true&textReferences=true&showOnlyOutputs=false&py=3&curInstr=0" target="_blank">greeting.py</a>
<br />
<img height="243" src="https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/programming1%2Fimages%2Fquiz%2Fweek3%2Fstack_2.png" width="320" /><br />
(Note: we omitted docstrings in this code to save space. Don't do this in your own code!)</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_522a031ae5a01">Answer for Question 15</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_522a031ae5a01" name="answer[14b710f64748210763d21d4848b1dc8f][answer]" readonly="readonly">3</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">3</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The first stack frame is for the main
part of your program. Every time a function is called, a new stack
frame is created, and as soon as a function finishes running, the stack
frame for that function is removed.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 16</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Including the frame for the main program, how many stack frames exist
at the current point of execution (indicated by the Python Visualizer
with blue highlighting)? Remember that the red arrow indicates the line
that is <i>about</i> to be executed.<br />
To answer this, you should use the Python Visualizer for this code: <a href="http://pythontutor.com/visualize.html#code=def+greeting%28name%29%3A%0A++++return+%27Hi,+%27+%2B+name%0A%0Adef+exclaim%28statement%29%3A%0A++++return+statement+%2B+%27%21%27%0A%0Adef+enthusiastic_greeting%28name%29%3A%0A++++greeting_message+%3D+exclaim%28greeting%28name%29%29%0A++++print%28greeting_message%29%0A%0Aenthusiastic_greeting%28%27Orion%27%29%0A&mode=display&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=true&drawParentPointers=true&textReferences=true&showOnlyOutputs=false&py=3&curInstr=0" target="_blank">greeting.py</a>
<br />
<img height="242" src="https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/programming1%2Fimages%2Fquiz%2Fweek3%2Fstack_3.png" width="320" /><br />
(Note: we omitted docstrings in this code to save space. Don't do this in your own code!)</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_522a031aea1d3">Answer for Question 16</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_522a031aea1d3" name="answer[732df8cb18cf61a34574e5cdd0fad896][answer]" readonly="readonly">3</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">3</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The first stack frame is for the
main part of your program. Every time a function is called, a new stack
frame is created, and as soon as a function finishes running, the stack
frame for that function is removed.<br />
Before entering the <code>exclaim</code> function, its arguments have already been evaluated, meaning <code>greeting</code> has already returned, and thus its stack frame has been erased.</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-38869486024897482372013-09-15T07:55:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:28:09.206+05:30Learn to Program: The Fundamentals - Assignment 1<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
</h1>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
Preface
</h2>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Requirements
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
You need to use Python 3 for this assignment. Python 2 is not suitable.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
A1 Problem Domain: Coordinated Universal Time
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The problem domain for this assignment involves time zones, and in particular <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" target="_top"><i>Coordinated Universal Time</i></a>
(UTC), which is "the primary time standard by which the world regulates
clocks and time" [Wikipedia]. As you know, there are many different
time zones in the world. Wikipedia has a nice <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Standart_Time_Zones_2012.png/1280px-Standart_Time_Zones_2012.png" target="_top">map of the time zones</a>.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
As of this writing, there are 40 time zones. One of them, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_time_zones_by_UTC_offset#UTC.C2.B100:00.2C_Z">UTC+00:00</a>,
is considered to be in the "middle" of the other time zones. All time
zones have names, such as UTC+02:00, that indicate the number of hours
and minutes they are away from UTC+00:00. For example, the Philippines
are in time zone UTC+08:00 because clocks there are set 8 hours later
than in time zone UTC+00:00. If it's noon in time zone UTC+00:00, it's
20:00 in time zone UTC+08:00.
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Representing hours, minutes, and seconds using a <code>float</code>
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In this assignment, we are sometimes going to represent hours and minutes and seconds together as a <code>float</code>. 1 hour will be represented as <code>1.0</code>, 1 hour and 30 minutes as <code>1.5</code>, and so on.
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Preconditions
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Some of the functions you will write assume that parameter
values are in a certain range. The technical term for these restrictions
is <i>precondition</i>: in order for the function to work, the precondition must be met. <b>A precondition is a warning to whoever calls the function that the function was designed to work only under those conditions.</b>
When you see a precondition, that means we are guaranteeing that we
will only call that function with values that meet the precondition. You
can assume that the parameter values meet the preconditions, you do not
need to check them. The preconditions are there to make your lives
easier!
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Floating-point numbers in this handout
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This assignment involves <code>float</code> calculations, and as you know, these can be inexact. As an example, here is code copied from the Python shell:
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<pre>>>> 7 / 3000
0.0023333333333333335
>>> 7 * (1 / 3000)
0.002333333333333333
</pre>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Because we leave it up to you to write some expressions,
your functions may return values that are very slightly different from
the examples in our docstrings. As long as they are very close, your
code will be marked as correct; you don't need to make your code match
our expected results exactly.
</div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Print statements: don't use them
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Nothing in the assignment requires print statements; your code will be marked as incorrect if you use them.
</div>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<h2 id="whattodo" style="text-align: justify;">
What to do
</h2>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
There are several functions that you will need to implement.
We have listed the functions roughly in order of complexity. Each
function body will be quite short. </div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Step 2: Complete the code for function <code>seconds_difference</code></u>
</h3>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 25%;">Function name:<br />
(Parameter types) -> Return type
</th>
<th style="width: 75%;">Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>seconds_difference:</code><br />
<code>(number, number) -> number</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The parameters are times in seconds. Return how many <i>seconds</i> later the second time is than the first. Please note: in <code>a1.py</code>, we have provided the completed docstring for this function, including example function calls with the expected return values.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">def seconds_difference(time_1, time_2):<br /> """ (float, float) -> float<br /><br /> Return the number of seconds later that a time in seconds<br /> time_2 is than a time in seconds time_1.<br /> <br /> >>> seconds_difference(1800.0, 3600.0)<br /> 1800.0<br /> >>> seconds_difference(3600.0, 1800.0)<br /> -1800.0<br /> >>> seconds_difference(1800.0, 2160.0)<br /> 360.0<br /> >>> seconds_difference(1800.0, 1800.0)<br /> 0.0<br /> """<br /> return time_2 - time_1</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Step 3: Complete the code for function <code>hours_difference</code></u>
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Here is some helpful information:
</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>there are 60 seconds in 1 minute
</li>
<li>there are 60 minutes in 1 hour
</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 25%;">Function name:<br />
(Parameter types) -> Return type
</th>
<th style="width: 75%;">Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>hours_difference:</code><br />
<code>(number, number) -> float</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The parameters are times in seconds. Return how many <i>hours</i> later the second time is than the first. (Please note: in <code>a1.py</code>, we have provided the completed docstring for this function, including example function calls with the expected return values.)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">def hours_difference(time_1, time_2):<br /> """ (float, float) -> float<br /><br /> Return the number of hours later that a time in seconds<br /> time_2 is than a time in seconds time_1.<br /> <br /> >>> hours_difference(1800.0, 3600.0)<br /> 0.5<br /> >>> hours_difference(3600.0, 1800.0)<br /> -0.5<br /> >>> hours_difference(1800.0, 2160.0)<br /> 0.1<br /> >>> hours_difference(1800.0, 1800.0)<br /> 0.0<br /> """<br /> return seconds_difference(time_1, time_2) / 3600</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Step 4: Complete the code for function <code>to_float_hours</code></u>
</h3>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 25%;">Function name:<br />
(Parameter types) -> Return type
</th>
<th style="width: 75%;">Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>to_float_hours:</code><br />
<code>(int, int, int) -> float</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The first parameter is a number of hours, the second
parameter is a time in minutes (between 0 and 59, inclusive), and the
third parameter is a time in seconds (between 0 and 59, inclusive).
Return the combined time as a <code>float</code> value. (Please note: in <code>a1.py</code>, we have provided the completed docstring for this function, including example function calls with the expected return values.)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">def to_float_hours(hours, minutes, seconds):<br /> """ (int, int, int) -> float<br /><br /> Return the total number of hours in the specified number<br /> of hours, minutes, and seconds.<br /><br /> Precondition: 0 <= minutes < 60 and 0 <= seconds < 60<br /><br /> >>> to_float_hours(0, 15, 0)<br /> 0.25<br /> >>> to_float_hours(2, 45, 9)<br /> 2.7525<br /> >>> to_float_hours(1, 0, 36)<br /> 1.01<br /> """<br /> return hours + minutes / 60 + seconds / 3600</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Step 5: Write functions <code>get_hours</code>, <code>get_minutes</code> and <code>get_seconds</code></u>
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Read this section and make sure you understand all of it before you proceed.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
We have not provided starter code for these three functions,
although we have described them fully in the table below. <i>Follow the Function Design Recipe</i> as you develop these functions in <code>a1.py</code>.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The three functions, <code>get_hours</code>, <code>get_minutes</code> and <code>get_seconds</code>, are related: they are used to determine the hours part, minutes part and seconds part of a time in seconds.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
For example:
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<pre> >>> get_hours(3800)
1
>>> get_minutes(3800)
3
>>> get_seconds(3800)
20
</pre>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In other words, if <code>3800</code> seconds have elapsed since midnight, it is currently <code>01:03:20</code> (hh:mm:ss).
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Here is an overview of how we determined what the example function calls should return:
</div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li>There are 60 seconds in 1 minute and 60 minutes in 1 hour, so there are 60 * 60, or 3600, seconds in 1 hour.
</li>
<li>Because there are 3600 seconds in an hour, there is 1 full hour in 3800 seconds. There are 200 seconds remaining.
</li>
<li>Because there are 60 seconds in a minute, there are 3 full minutes in 200 seconds. There are 20 seconds remaining.
</li>
<li>Therefore 3800 seconds is equivalent to 1 hour, 3 minutes and 20 seconds.
</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
There are several ways to write these three function bodies. You may find operators <code>%</code> and <code>//</code> to be helpful. Function <code>to_24_hour_clock</code> in the starter code has an example of using <code>%</code>.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
As an example of the approach you might use, lets assume
your program is given a number and you want to work out the "units"
portion (remember, the hundred, tens, units thing for decimal numbers?)
Let's assume the number is 123.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
First, we get rid of the hundreds column:
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<pre>>>> 123 % 100
23
</pre>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
You can see that 100 goes in to 123 once and leaves us with 23.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Next, we get rid of the tens.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<pre>>>> 23 % 10
3
</pre>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The number 10 divides in to 23 twice and leaves us with 3 and we have achieved our goal; there are 3 "units".
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 25%;">Function name:<br />
(Parameter types) -> Return type
</th>
<th style="width: 75%;">Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>get_hours:</code><br />
<code>(int) -> int</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The parameter is a number of seconds since midnight. Return the number of <i>hours</i> that have elapsed since midnight, as seen on a 24-hour clock. (You should call <code>to_24_hour_clock</code>
to convert the number of full hours to a time on a 24 hour clock. This
means that the return value should be in the range 0 to 23, inclusive.)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>get_minutes:</code><br />
<code>(int) -> int</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The parameter is a number of seconds since midnight. Return the number of <i>minutes</i>
that have elapsed since midnight as seen on a clock. (This means that
the return value should be in the range 0 to 59, inclusive.)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>get_seconds:</code><br />
<code>(int) -> int</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The parameter is a number of seconds since midnight. Return the number of <i>seconds</i>
that have elapsed since midnight as seen on a clock. (This means that
the return value should be in the range 0 to 59, inclusive.)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">def to_24_hour_clock(hours):</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> """ (number) -> number</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> hours is a number of hours since midnight. Return the</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> hour as seen on a 24-hour clock.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> Precondition: hours >= 0</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> >>> to_24_hour_clock(24)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 0</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> to_24_hour_clock(48)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 0</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> to_24_hour_clock(25)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 1</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> to_24_hour_clock(4)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 4</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> to_24_hour_clock(28.5)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 4.5</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> """</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> return hours % 24</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">### Write your get_hours function definition here:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br />def get_hours(sec_since_midnight):</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> '''(int) -> int</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> Return the number of get_hours that have elapsed since midnight, as seen on a 24-hour clock.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> >>> get_hours(3800)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 1</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> get_hours (3600)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 1</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> get_hours (9000)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 2</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> '''</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> return sec_since_midnight // 3600</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">### Write your get_minutes function definition here:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br />def get_minutes(sec_since_midnight):</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> '''(int) -> int</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> Return the number of get_minutes that have elapsed since midnight as seen on a clock.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> >>> get_minutes(3800)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 3</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> get_minutes(3600)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 0</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> get_minutes(900)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 15</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> '''</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> return (sec_since_midnight - get_hours(sec_since_midnight) * 3600) // 60</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">### Write your get_seconds function definition here:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">def get_seconds(sec_since_midnight):</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> '''(int) -> int</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> The parameter is a number of seconds since midnight. Return</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> the number of get_seconds that have elapsed since midnight as</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> seen on a clock. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /> >>> get_seconds(3800)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 20</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> get_seconds(3600)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 0</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> >>> get_seconds(912)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> 12</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> '''</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
return sec_since_midnight - get_hours(sec_since_midnight)*3600 - get_minutes (sec_since_midnight)*60</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">
</span></div>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Step 6: Complete functions <code>time_to_utc</code> and <code>time_from_utc</code></u>
</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Complete functions <code>time_to_utc</code> and <code>time_from_utc</code>.
The header and docstrings are in the starter code. Use those examples
to determine the appropriate formula. We have intentionally left out
tests involving time zones that are not on the hour: you should make
sure you handle those cases.
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th style="width: 25%;">Function name:<br />
(Parameter types) -> Return type
</th>
<th style="width: 75%;">Description
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>time_to_utc:</code><br />
<code>(number, float) -> float</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The first parameter is a UTC offset specifying a
time zone and the second parameter is a time in that time zone. Return
the equivalent UTC+0 time. Be sure to call <code>to_24_hour_clock</code> to convert the time to a time on a 24 hour clock before returning.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 20%;"><code>time_from_utc:</code><br />
<code>(number, float) -> float</code>
</td>
<td style="width: 80%;">The first parameter is a UTC offset specifying a
time zone and the second parameter is a time in time zone UTC+0. Return
the equivalent time in the time zone specified by <code>utc_offset</code>. Be sure to call <code>to_24_hour_clock</code> to convert the time to a time on a 24 hour clock before returning.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;" />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">def time_to_utc(utc_offset, time):<br /> """ (number, float) -> float<br /><br /> Return time at UTC+0, where utc_offset is the number of hours away from<br /> UTC+0.<br /><br /> >>> time_to_utc(+0, 12.0)<br /> 12.0<br /> >>> time_to_utc(+1, 12.0)<br /> 11.0<br /> >>> time_to_utc(-1, 12.0)<br /> 13.0<br /> >>> time_to_utc(-11, 18.0)<br /> 5.0<br /> >>> time_to_utc(-1, 0.0)<br /> 1.0<br /> >>> time_to_utc(-1, 23.0)<br /> 0.0<br /> """<br /><br /> return (time - utc_offset) % 24<br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />def time_from_utc(utc_offset, time):<br /> """ (number, float) -> float<br /><br /> Return UTC time in time zone utc_offset.<br /><br /> >>> time_from_utc(+0, 12.0)<br /> 12.0<br /> >>> time_from_utc(+1, 12.0)<br /> 13.0<br /> >>> time_from_utc(-1, 12.0)<br /> 11.0<br /> >>> time_from_utc(+6, 6.0)<br /> 12.0<br /> >>> time_from_utc(-7, 6.0)<br /> 23.0<br /> >>> time_from_utc(-1, 0.0)<br /> 23.0<br /> >>> time_from_utc(-1, 23.0)<br /> 22.0<br /> >>> time_from_utc(+1, 23.0)<br /> 0.0<br /> """<br /><br /> return (time + utc_offset) % 24</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-73086103094195149062013-09-13T07:46:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:28:29.776+05:30Learn to Program: The Fundamentals — Week 2 Exercise<div id="course-page-content" role="main" style="text-align: justify;">
Score of <b>17.00</b> out of <b>18.00</b>. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<form id="quiz_form" method="post">
<div class="course-quiz-preamble">
Answer the following questions. Some of the questions will require you
to run code in IDLE's Python shell. (You should do this anyway to get
used to using IDLE.)
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Which of the following results in a <code>SyntaxError</code>? </div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3635917a" name="answer[08d9182ea6d332812e0b9578073c13c3][]" type="checkbox" value="2270e9992adfbe258db5f32e3e62d219" /><code>
'''yes<br />
no'''
</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3635a717" name="answer[08d9182ea6d332812e0b9578073c13c3][]" type="checkbox" value="93177ee597d57caea6f8101f1636c1e2" /><code>
"yes<br />
no"
</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3635b38c" name="answer[08d9182ea6d332812e0b9578073c13c3][]" type="checkbox" value="64d3a5a65c57a2bd243b845430542978" /><code>
'yes\nno'
</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3635be50" name="answer[08d9182ea6d332812e0b9578073c13c3][]" type="checkbox" value="a40015db38e78881dd4b35dc1e2d4ca7" /><code>
'yes<br />
no'</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Try typing each option exactly as it
appears into IDLE, paying particular attention to newlines. Copying and
pasting might not work, so if you're frustrated, try typing them out.
Make sure you understand why each one does what it does!
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Which of the following results in a <code>SyntaxError</code>?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36361da2" name="answer[77f59794ad01351a3335be765423e611][]" type="checkbox" value="6663fa56ca9d1bbcce920a545e8d1f1a" /><code>'"Once upon a time...", she said.'</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36362cd8" name="answer[77f59794ad01351a3335be765423e611][]" type="checkbox" value="2e88606452adb8bb7c64a9316e11cfa7" /><code>"He said, "Yes!""</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36363aa7" name="answer[77f59794ad01351a3335be765423e611][]" type="checkbox" value="99a90b6f9a9c6ffa68133744fc0108c9" /><code>'''That's okay'''</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363645d9" name="answer[77f59794ad01351a3335be765423e611][]" type="checkbox" value="3d5480a14f94615282b76f22a60b6561" /><code>'3\'</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Try typing each option exactly as it
appears into IDLE, paying particular attention to which quote (single,
double or triple) is used. Make sure you understand why each one does
what it does!</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The following is printed by a <code>print</code> function call:
<br />
<pre>yesterday
today
tomorrow
</pre>
Select the function call(s) that prints what is shown above.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36368431" name="answer[ab95c11ac305bbeff417a3c410e15960][]" type="checkbox" value="949b54b34ebdabecca51bbfca4da9d64" /><br />
<pre>print('''yesterday
\ntoday
\ntomorrow''')</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>The <code>\n</code>'s add extra newlines, so this doesn't produce the same output.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363690ba" name="answer[ab95c11ac305bbeff417a3c410e15960][]" type="checkbox" value="4321b588b85dbe76d6325316de4b757e" /><br /></span>
<br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">print('''yesterday
today
tomorrow''')</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36369c33" name="answer[ab95c11ac305bbeff417a3c410e15960][]" type="checkbox" value="becf40feafe7a59748f0ccf13fb27926" /><br />
<pre>print('yesterday
today
tomorrow')</pre>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3636abc6" name="answer[ab95c11ac305bbeff417a3c410e15960][]" type="checkbox" value="2cb66f4cd88f6a71efc1a844581e66bc" /><br /></span>
<br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">print('yesterday\ntoday\ntomorrow')</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Try typing each option exactly as it
appears into IDLE, paying particular attention to newlines. Copying and
pasting might not work, so if you're frustrated, try typing them out.
Make sure you understand why each one does what it does!</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The following is printed by a <code>print</code> function call:
<br />
<pre>hello-how-are-you
</pre>
Select the function call(s) that prints what is shown above.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3636eeef" name="answer[819e3201c456d9250bcba2a1546b54f0][]" type="checkbox" value="12a59309538d16bfd3f5419586ac0f98" /><code>print('hello' + '-' + 'how' + '-' + 'are' + '-' + 'you')</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3636fbb4" name="answer[819e3201c456d9250bcba2a1546b54f0][]" type="checkbox" value="a531679d9137ebee28bc760ac140a2e0" /><code>print('hello', 'how', 'are', 'you')</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3637074a" name="answer[819e3201c456d9250bcba2a1546b54f0][]" type="checkbox" value="96469ce929c8ab44349e6b3396f89fbb" /><code>print('hello-' + 'how-are-you')</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3637129f" name="answer[819e3201c456d9250bcba2a1546b54f0][]" type="checkbox" value="793fcd4f6fd7504a9e8865dd9c436d82" /><code>print('hello', '-', 'how', '-', 'are', '-', 'you')</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Try each of the options in IDLE to
see which one produces the correct output. Make sure you understand why
each one does what it does!</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code fragment:
<br />
<pre>>>> def announce_location(country):
# Missing function body
>>> instructor_location = announce_location('Canada')
>>> print(instructor_location)
Canada
</pre>
Select the missing function body from the options below.
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36375816" name="answer[a43267e0c30c896298292f91492716bc][]" type="radio" value="17affb19a69db77c9638778532d6c515" /><code>print('Canada')</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36376032" name="answer[a43267e0c30c896298292f91492716bc][]" type="radio" value="81d6b0683aa87bc13306578596502d80" /><code>return country</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36376d71" name="answer[a43267e0c30c896298292f91492716bc][]" type="radio" value="0b46390f8d0bf51ee841c6b352e309b2" /><code>return instructor_location</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363776ca" name="answer[a43267e0c30c896298292f91492716bc][]" type="radio" value="d155ba4f686193c1b284279877e88831" /><code>print(country</code>)</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>You should try each of the options in
IDLE to see which one produces the correct output. Make sure you
understand why each one does what it does!</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code fragment:
<br />
<pre>>>> def announce_location(country):
# Missing function body
>>> instructor_location = announce_location('Canada')
Canada
>>> print(instructor_location)
Canada
</pre>
Select the missing function body from the options below.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3637aecc" name="answer[1644da4ede67814ee0e977b87b1ef4e0][]" type="radio" value="7a498549e42205c40ad46397f39318f9" /><br />
<pre>return country
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3637ba27" name="answer[1644da4ede67814ee0e977b87b1ef4e0][]" type="radio" value="d16f66d13d2f6b245f96377ae2666cda" /><br /></span>
<br />
<pre><span style="color: #ffd966;">print(country)
return country
</span></pre>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3637cabc" name="answer[1644da4ede67814ee0e977b87b1ef4e0][]" type="radio" value="ce86a7f578e0a29ba0a152547bfca9dc" /><br />
<pre>return country
print(country)
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3637d1bb" name="answer[1644da4ede67814ee0e977b87b1ef4e0][]" type="radio" value="c3a1687f0ce0f51a459028b8473c8632" /><br />
<pre>print(country)
</pre>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>You can (and should) try each of the options in IDLE to see what they do. Make sure you understand how each of them works.
<br />
<br />
If the <code>print</code> function call comes after the <code>return</code> statement, it will not be reached since the <code>return</code> statement causes the function to exit immediately. </div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider the following statements:
<br />
<pre>x = None
print(x)
</pre>
What is printed when the code above executes?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a3637f2c2">Answer for Question 7</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a3637f2c2" name="answer[02776d17a19b5883833941ba76fe2f27][answer]" readonly="readonly">None</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">None</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Type the code into IDLE and copy and
paste what gets displayed in IDLE. Be careful about capitalization, and
make sure you enter the two statements on different lines. The code
should not generate an error.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What is the first step of the <b>Design Recipe</b>?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36393df7" name="answer[a166e532d8e2d011071ee273bbca1c60][]" type="radio" value="c6c840f4ae01975c372f89cc6b5a7f4b" />Type Contract</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36394669" name="answer[a166e532d8e2d011071ee273bbca1c60][]" type="radio" value="dce20875f0e68c92ec7de7fc6e3af683" />Examples</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a36399bbb" name="answer[a166e532d8e2d011071ee273bbca1c60][]" type="radio" value="733cea55824eb723aa79ae96b745f4b8" />Test</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3639a753" name="answer[a166e532d8e2d011071ee273bbca1c60][]" type="radio" value="b71baa1701f2ba9f6bce52effda192a0" />Code</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>What is the first step you should take when designing a function? The steps of the Design Recipe are discussed in the lectures.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What is the last step of the <b>Design Recipe</b>?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3639e178" name="answer[ce654bcabfb08a7bf07632ba91108822][]" type="radio" value="d70ac03ca49c70e76d52e8a576dfae3c" />Type Contract</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3639e8fd" name="answer[ce654bcabfb08a7bf07632ba91108822][]" type="radio" value="0d73882cd75ce80a80433babcf6e0f50" />Test</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a3639f3d0" name="answer[ce654bcabfb08a7bf07632ba91108822][]" type="radio" value="8ac2c09dbfba763039796bb996695e6e" />Examples</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363a07a8" name="answer[ce654bcabfb08a7bf07632ba91108822][]" type="radio" value="d1cc33743ad2a210944041e7d0dfaa24" />Code</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The steps of the Design Recipe are discussed in the lectures.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What is the <b>Type Contract</b> for the following function definition?
<br />
<pre>def is_passing_grade(grade):
"""
Return 'pass' if grade is at least 50 and return 'fail' otherwise.
>>> is_passing_grade(45)
'fail'
>>> is_passing_grade(80.5)
'pass'
"""
</pre>
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363a3fcc" name="answer[4b484f720facf8e887a17bd09f4a36d6][]" type="radio" value="df6c06d5097c696f2fd87cec5f4bd801" /><code>(float) -> str</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363a4888" name="answer[4b484f720facf8e887a17bd09f4a36d6][]" type="radio" value="96653cbd6d35fb47f19f0f99860b4979" /><code>(number) -> str</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363a5807" name="answer[4b484f720facf8e887a17bd09f4a36d6][]" type="radio" value="19795d3b59671bcdfbe857a8c010a5c5" /><code>(int, float) -> str</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363a619a" name="answer[4b484f720facf8e887a17bd09f4a36d6][]" type="radio" value="624d21c9adbbd9da592643daf9981400" /><code>(int) -> str</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>We use <code>number</code> if the function accepts both <code>int</code>s and <code>float</code>s. Also, Python's string type is <code>str</code>.
When writing your type contract, be as specific as possible. For
example, only use "number" if it makes sense for the function to return
both <code>float</code>s and <code>int</code>s (not just <code>float</code>s that happen to be integers).</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What is the <b>Type Contract</b> for the following function definition?
<br />
<pre>def total_vowels(word1, word2):
"""
Return the number of vowels in words word1 and word2.
>>> total_vowels('hello', 'hi')
3
"""
</pre>
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363a9cc4" name="answer[c7765b577ff067ef5652a3369e132fa7][]" type="radio" value="5bd6a46c8c818188344226a27cf9e4ea" /><code>str == int</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363aa471" name="answer[c7765b577ff067ef5652a3369e132fa7][]" type="radio" value="2c7a02212ca885500e341d431d980fdb" /><code>(str, str) -> int</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363ab081" name="answer[c7765b577ff067ef5652a3369e132fa7][]" type="radio" value="c2cf3f22aaecc685dc6130abeb5674aa" /><code>(str, str) -> float</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363ac090" name="answer[c7765b577ff067ef5652a3369e132fa7][]" type="radio" value="21c634e037162e19fdecb8ac8ffab319" /><code>(int) -> str, str</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>We use <code>number</code> if the function accepts both <code>int</code>s and <code>float</code>s. Also, Python's string type is <code>str</code>.
When writing your type contract, be as specific as possible. For
example, only use "number" if it makes sense for the function to return
both <code>float</code>s and <code>int</code>s (not just <code>float</code>s that happen to be integers).</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 12</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
According to the <b>Description</b> of function <code>get_oldest</code>, what value should be returned by the <b>Example</b> function call?
<br />
<pre>def get_oldest(age1, age2):
''' (int, int) -> int
Return the oldest of the two ages, age1 and age2.
>>> get_oldest(27, 22)
???
'''
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a363af609">Answer for Question 12</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a363af609" name="answer[6fee847974323ef0cd9d6f47b5b3a4ad][answer]" readonly="readonly">27</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">27</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Enter what should be in the docstring in place of "???"</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 13</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Here is an insufficient docstring for function <code>euro_to_dollars</code>:
<br />
<pre>def euro_to_dollars(amount):
"""(number) -> number
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
Calculate the value in Canadian dollars of the given quantity of Euros.</span>
"""</pre>
Identify the problem(s) with the <b>Description</b> in the docstring above.
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363b58bc" name="answer[256b19c9f297323143ff1ee6c4a21fa7][]" type="checkbox" value="a747f6dd7e67edea6b4e6ac3c96c4227" />It doesn't mention the parameter types.</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363b63db" name="answer[256b19c9f297323143ff1ee6c4a21fa7][]" type="checkbox" value="7742cb3b85a5f61c06121283b01ba2c0" />It doesn't say what the function returns.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363c605e" name="answer[256b19c9f297323143ff1ee6c4a21fa7][]" type="checkbox" value="529fb32df67b032717ac1dce55a51755" />It doesn't explain which Python operators are used to perform the calculation.</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363c6cac" name="answer[256b19c9f297323143ff1ee6c4a21fa7][]" type="checkbox" value="4bea9cbdca189b10fbeec6c4f5e98abd" />It doesn't mention the parameters by name.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Function docstrings need to mention
the parameters by name, and if there is a return type the docstring
needs to explain what is returned.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 14</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Two function definitions are saved in the same file:
<br />
<ul>
<li>A function <code>count_vowels</code> has one parameter, a word, and returns the number of vowels in that word.</li>
<li>A function <code>count_consonants</code> has one parameter, a word, and returns the number of consonants in that word.</li>
</ul>
To determine the number of letters in a word, write a one-line body for the following function that calls both <code>count_vowels</code> and <code>count_consonants</code>:
<br />
<pre>def count_letters(word):
""" (str) -> int
Return the number of letters in word.
>>> count_letters('hello')
5
>>> count_letters('bonjour')
7
"""
# Write the one-line function body that belongs here.
</pre>
Note:
<br />
<ul>
<li>do not call any functions other than those listed above</li>
<li>do not use any unnecessary parentheses</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a363c9625">Answer for Question 14</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a363c9625" name="answer[ca694fbbb675ea5ce420a921fe5257e2][answer]" readonly="readonly">return count_vowels(hello), count_consonants(bonjour)</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">return count_vowels(hello), count_consonants(bonjour)</td>
<td alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Incorrect</span></span></td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>You need to write a <code>return</code> statement, and you need to call both <code>count_vowels(...)</code> and <code>count_consonants(...)</code>. Remember that there needs to be a space after the word "return".</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 15</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Two function definitions are saved in the same file:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>A function <code>get_capital</code> has one string parameter that represents a country and returns its capital.</li>
<li>A function <code>longer</code> has two string parameters and returns the longer of the two strings.</li>
</ul>
Variables <code>country1</code> and <code>country2</code> refer to <code>str</code> values. Write a one-line <b>expression</b> that produces the longer of the capitals of <code>country1</code> and <code>country2</code>. Your expression should involve calls on both <code>get_capital</code> and <code>longer</code>.
<br />
<br />
Note:
<br />
<ul>
<li>do not call any functions other than those listed above</li>
<li>do not use any unnecessary parentheses</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a363cdaf7">Answer for Question 15</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a363cdaf7" name="answer[8c404a4ea00d050e1f85ca83e5a367c1][answer]" readonly="readonly">longer (get_capital(country1), get_capital(country2))</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">longer (get_capital(country1), get_capital(country2))</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Write just an expression, not a <code>return</code> statement or an assignment statement or a print statement. Make sure all your opening and closing parentheses match. <code>country1</code> and <code>country2</code> are variables, and so should not be quoted; that makes them strings. Do not use more parentheses than necessary.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 16</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What is the value of <code>average</code> after the following code is executed?
<br />
<pre>grade1 = 80
grade2 = 90
average = (grade1 + grade2) / 2
grade1 = 100
</pre>
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363d35bc" name="answer[f4fe568567ca432e22775d647db5d985][]" type="radio" value="3f0972d95754420f0176e4eb0dee0f18" /><code>85</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363d3d92" name="answer[f4fe568567ca432e22775d647db5d985][]" type="radio" value="482ccddb812536dade8d5357a0b9ab64" /><code>85.0</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363d496d" name="answer[f4fe568567ca432e22775d647db5d985][]" type="radio" value="7e9d9e0dbbc28fafebe21b73cbfff006" /><code>95</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363d50c3" name="answer[f4fe568567ca432e22775d647db5d985][]" type="radio" value="2829d5eaf3e6d768169ef127259236e4" /><code>95.0</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Be sure to use Python 3, and check your answer by running the code in IDLE. You can then call <code>print(average)</code> to find out it's value.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 17</u></h3>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><br />
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Below is an image of the Python Visualizer in action. The line with
the red arrow (line 15) is about to be executed. When we press <b>Forward</b>, function <code>convert_to_minutes</code>
will be called, control will move to line 11 of the code (the first
line of that function), and a new stack frame will be created containing
variable <code>num_hours</code>. What value will <code>num_hours</code> refer to then? (We are looking for a value, not a memory address.)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">(If the image is too small, right-click on it and open it in a new browser tab. Then you can zoom in.)</span><br />
<img height="192" src="https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/programming1/images%2Fquiz%2Fweek2%2Fvisualizing_fn_calls_arg.png" width="400" />
</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a363d740f">Answer for Question 17</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a363d740f" name="answer[0dda5dc56f8d827849fca00c5f4ff870][answer]" readonly="readonly">25</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">25</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>A great way to understand this
question is to run it in the Python Visualizer, which is available in
the Resources link in the navigation bar.</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span></div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">The line with the red arrow (line 15) is about to be executed. After
stepping through to the end of the code below (we can do this by
pressing the <b>Last</b> button), how many variables (excluding those
that refer to functions) will be on the stack? Recall that the stack is
represented by the images on the left-hand side of the model. (If the
image is too small, right-click on it and open it in a new browser tab.
Then you can zoom in.)</span><br />
<img height="191" src="https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/programming1/images%2Fquiz%2Fweek2%2Fvisualizing_fn_calls_arg.png" width="400" />
</div>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 18</u></h3>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363de764" name="answer[b0ca75ed1f62c26cbde9cdd96fba4162][]" type="radio" value="dd7fd3466637a14c515593427dc554d3" />4</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363df0d0" name="answer[b0ca75ed1f62c26cbde9cdd96fba4162][]" type="radio" value="a2430ccec60aa6b10d63831c8dab32c1" />5</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363dfbc8" name="answer[b0ca75ed1f62c26cbde9cdd96fba4162][]" type="radio" value="5ee8033e959512fca849c61e179b42cd" />2</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363e07d3" name="answer[b0ca75ed1f62c26cbde9cdd96fba4162][]" type="radio" value="156e3c68ad4c4ac13dda0b667c6587b7" />3</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a363e28f6" name="answer[b0ca75ed1f62c26cbde9cdd96fba4162][]" type="radio" value="bfb89bf26b6c933aa9666326154ee0d8" />1</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>A great way to understand this
question is to run it in the Python Visualizer, which is available in
the Resources link in the navigation bar.
<br />
<br />
Variable <code>result</code> will <i>not</i> remain on the stack at the end of execution. It is a <b>local variable</b> for function <code>convert_to_minutes</code>, and is no longer accessible when the function has exited.
<br />
<br />
Remember to exclude variables that refer to functions.</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-5286606497254689792013-09-12T07:39:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:28:46.444+05:30Learn to Program: The Fundamentals - Week 1 Exercise<br />
Score of <b>15.00</b> out of <b>15.00</b>. <br />
<div class="course-quiz-preamble" style="text-align: justify;">
Answer the following questions. Some of the questions will require you
to run code in IDLE's Python shell. (You should do this anyway to get
used to using IDLE.)
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Select the function call(s) that run without error. Determine the answer using the description given by <code>help(round)</code>, not by running the code.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3a6c85" name="answer[55bc79dc99060ea8007153206204a011][]" type="checkbox" value="5a0f579639cdf9b43ad5beb4dd70927b" /><code>round(45.345, 2)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.20</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3a7a09" name="answer[55bc79dc99060ea8007153206204a011][]" type="checkbox" value="dd7e50ccfbea7599d446633a9a7920e9" /><code>round(45.345, 2, 5)</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.20</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3a8881" name="answer[55bc79dc99060ea8007153206204a011][]" type="checkbox" value="a920ce5e49eaa6ec1cdf6b368b9b3eb2" /><code>round(45.8)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.20</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3a95b7" name="answer[55bc79dc99060ea8007153206204a011][]" type="checkbox" value="b6d061f7cf444bd0d6a97324a5aefd73" /><code>round(45)</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.20</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3aa1e7" name="answer[55bc79dc99060ea8007153206204a011][]" type="checkbox" value="9a8389c42351b249d17c9da72ae6d2e1" /><code>round()</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.20</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The function <code>round</code> takes one argument, as well as a second optional argument.<br />
<pre>Help on built-in function round in module builtins:
round(...)
round(number[, ndigits]) -> number
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits).
This returns an int when called with one argument, otherwise the
same type as the number. ndigits may be negative.</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
What type of value does built-in function <code>id</code> return? Determine the answer using the description given by <code>help(id)</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3aec88" name="answer[54bbed108a233b0d8efd401012280191][]" type="radio" value="dc741f2d21380fcb1048cb206ca5e702" /><code>int</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3af9e0" name="answer[54bbed108a233b0d8efd401012280191][]" type="radio" value="04c97bd789a98429bf13de3ba9b2ac3b" /><code>float</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Here is the output of <code>help(id)</code>. The return type is to the right of the arrow:
<br />
<pre>id(...)
id(object) -> integer
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
Return the identity of an object. This is guaranteed to be unique among
simultaneously existing objects. (Hint: it's the object's memory address.)</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>x = 8 / 4
</pre>
What value does <code>x</code> refer to?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a1e3b1e58">Answer for Question 3</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a1e3b1e58" name="answer[ff16a343d545f3231214bcb251ac3f51][answer]" readonly="readonly">2.0</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">2.0</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The division operation (<code>/</code>) produces a <code>float</code>. Note that the question just asks for a value, so don't include any other information other than the value.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>x = 12 // 3
</pre>
What value does <code>x</code> refer to?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a1e3b62a2">Answer for Question 4</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a1e3b62a2" name="answer[b5ea08533e9f14f6d334ad52abc62fac][answer]" readonly="readonly">4</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">4</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The integer division operation (<code>//</code>) produces an <code>int</code>. Note that the question just asks for a value, so don't include any other information other than the value.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>x = 12 / 5
</pre>
What value does <code>x</code> refer to?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a1e3ba719">Answer for Question 5</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a1e3ba719" name="answer[4a0e0b6fc417ad0fdef248937db7ff4e][answer]" readonly="readonly">2.4</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">2.4</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The division operation (<code>/</code>) produces a <code>float</code>. Note that the question just asks for a value, so don't include any other information other than the value.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>x = 13 / 7
</pre>
What value does <code>x</code> refer to?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a1e3be979">Answer for Question 6</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a1e3be979" name="answer[7321aa7af2f36273c6b1ac5c2e76204e][answer]" readonly="readonly">1.8571428571428572</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">1.8571428571428572</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The division operation (<code>/</code>) evaluates to a <code>float</code>. Note that the question just asks for a value, so don't include any other information other than the value.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>x = 3
y = 5
x = y
</pre>
After the code above has executed, what value does <code>x</code> refer?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a1e3c2c11">Answer for Question 7</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a1e3c2c11" name="answer[edc9bd52ffc5bbdbe3ff0ce9810f868d][answer]" readonly="readonly">5</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">5</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Note that the question just asks for a value, so don't include any other information other than the value.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>x = 3
y = 5
x = y
</pre>
After the code above has executed, what value does <code>y</code> refer?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a1e3c70ee">Answer for Question 8</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a1e3c70ee" name="answer[ef3ec57a9d6daa76d0d7e042075a4307][answer]" readonly="readonly">5</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">5</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>apple = banana
</pre>
When the code above is executed, what type of error occurs?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3cc479" name="answer[c09bc052ba2dd03ae5d28e4251867368][]" type="radio" value="9954b3bf14645bb162d9f9e461df6ada" /><code>NameError</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3cd0c9" name="answer[c09bc052ba2dd03ae5d28e4251867368][]" type="radio" value="9c44355be85927fcf3c58097ed2d4476" /><code>SyntaxError</code>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The name <code>banana</code> does not exist, so a <code>NameError</code> occurs.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Select the legal Python name(s) below.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3d094a" name="answer[5c19f05a85308fe729758eea85496179][]" type="checkbox" value="d87c3f37ee4b14bc862b57b574b1849b" /><code>18happy_day</code>
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3d17d1" name="answer[5c19f05a85308fe729758eea85496179][]" type="checkbox" value="f56cb5e7f311646e2b2bef8dd301582c" /><code>happy_day</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3d2556" name="answer[5c19f05a85308fe729758eea85496179][]" type="checkbox" value="a47643aa22afbf11f3199b1632bcacc8" /><code>happy_45day</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3d3261" name="answer[5c19f05a85308fe729758eea85496179][]" type="checkbox" value="44f2e2e159965cea233adbdac36b1a52" /><code>_happy</code></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b><br />
<ol>
<li>Names must start with a letter or <code>_</code>.</li>
<li>Names must contain only letters, digits, and <code>_</code>.</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def f(data):
return data * 0.5
</pre>
Select the phrase that describes <code>data</code>.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3d7afa" name="answer[3316968dd0b0701b992c75688f14e713][]" type="radio" value="5833979fcc173e72c6d5ea612467df90" />a function name</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3d84b1" name="answer[3316968dd0b0701b992c75688f14e713][]" type="radio" value="ddb7ea5b9823192571bbb292b588b814" />a parameter</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3d93bb" name="answer[3316968dd0b0701b992c75688f14e713][]" type="radio" value="d3db49403e888401cda470e5f52e1b54" />an argument</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Review this terminology in the "Defining Functions" video and lecture summary.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 12</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def g(a, b):
c = a + b
return c
</pre>
How many parameters does function <code>g</code> have?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3dd45b" name="answer[9b02c71a1e38b7e6d957f7a72dd53456][]" type="radio" value="6acd7bb6974c8d705b9c9cf117f7e25d" />3</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3ddca7" name="answer[9b02c71a1e38b7e6d957f7a72dd53456][]" type="radio" value="0efcb62eb5941669e4a595ed1b7532f5" />2</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3de9f7" name="answer[9b02c71a1e38b7e6d957f7a72dd53456][]" type="radio" value="af350c7736f15a12e22550664583e1b9" />0</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3df4cc" name="answer[9b02c71a1e38b7e6d957f7a72dd53456][]" type="radio" value="e7cece577251666184719fab3850f831" />1</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The parameters are <code>a</code> and <code>b</code>. Review this terminology in the "Defining Functions" video and lecture summary.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 13</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>data = 3
data2 = 7.5
result = min(data, data2)
</pre>
Select the phrase that describes <code>data</code> in the <b>third</b> line.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3e3140" name="answer[5fd376823963f67657b4864530c3cb23][]" type="radio" value="a2d68448aa004ead1e0dbef09b2a1ce7" />a function name</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3e39d1" name="answer[5fd376823963f67657b4864530c3cb23][]" type="radio" value="adfee3681386689041905350de84e5ec" />an argument</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3e4701" name="answer[5fd376823963f67657b4864530c3cb23][]" type="radio" value="710527eeecb8a05f3f3209b1556995c5" />a parameter</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>The value of <code>data</code> is passed as an argument to function <code>min</code>.</div>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 14</u></h3>
<div style="float: none; width: 100%;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>round(45.342, 2)
</pre>
What value does the expression above produce?</div>
</div>
<label class="hidden" for="gensym_5222a1e3e7053">Answer for Question 14</label>
<br />
<div style="padding: 5px;">
<b>You entered:</b>
</div>
<textarea class="course-quiz-input" id="gensym_5222a1e3e7053" name="answer[b4bf9d798dad4cedefedc97e04670873][answer]" readonly="readonly">45.34</textarea><br />
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="course-quiz-student-answer">45.34</td>
<td alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="course-quiz-question-explanation">
<b>Question Explanation</b>Note that the question just asks for a value, so don't include any other information other than the value.</div>
</div>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Question 15</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="text-align: justify;">
Consider this code:
<br />
<pre>def even_bigger(x):
return (2 * x) ** x
even_bigger(12)
</pre>
Which value does <code>even_bigger(12)</code> produce?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3ed06d" name="answer[3f74496f2da1c715a910021c2bd9442f][]" type="radio" value="a4cfa67950763bf79c94423453bbd2bd" />2481152873203736576</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3ed8a7" name="answer[3f74496f2da1c715a910021c2bd9442f][]" type="radio" value="0269cc29f4e4bd3ae802494d2deb1b64" />36520347436056576</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3ee453" name="answer[3f74496f2da1c715a910021c2bd9442f][]" type="radio" value="83447eee28f060a93f2d51d34a31d237" />584318301411328</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_5222a1e3eecf1" name="answer[3f74496f2da1c715a910021c2bd9442f][]" type="radio" value="97cd8f9e4f1920fafc74922107957333" />10240000000000</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-91850898391728391842013-09-11T07:11:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:31:14.885+05:30Cryptography I - Final Exam Score of <b>11.00</b> out of <b>13.00</b>. <br />
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> be an authenticated encryption system built by combining
a CPA-secure symmetric cipher and a MAC. The system is combined
with an error-correction code to correct random transmission errors.
In what order should encryption and error correction be applied?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affa5dc0" name="answer[695f623b1b0ca2e64e2ffc9de8464365][]" type="radio" value="39aaa988ed4362a8dac79a56768359f1" />Encrypt and then apply the error correction code.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">That is correct. The error correction code will do its best
to correct random errors after which the MAC in the ciphertext will be checked
to ensure no other errors remains.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affa6989" name="answer[695f623b1b0ca2e64e2ffc9de8464365][]" type="radio" value="b4bc5a99980b4ccde3b60bd434a2c56a" />The order does not matter -- either one is fine.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affa7079" name="answer[695f623b1b0ca2e64e2ffc9de8464365][]" type="radio" value="51f1bfd536e8688e886fd5f8efa764f0" />The order does not matter -- neither one can correct errors. </td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affa7784" name="answer[695f623b1b0ca2e64e2ffc9de8464365][]" type="radio" value="1599fb95ac5db9052f5b5c72ba3e18c4" />Apply the error correction code and then encrypt the result.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a uniform random variable over the set <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 43px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Y</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> be an arbitrary random variable over the set <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 43px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> (not
necessarily uniform) that is independent of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
Define the random variable <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 68px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>X</mi><mo largeop="false" stretchy="false">⊕</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. What is the probability
that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> equals <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 17px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mn>0</mn><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affaa623" name="answer[3a9cc4245448a2fb7fce4e81aee95e89][]" type="radio" value="3a170115a3dfedf570ea8d4152b12019" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-10-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affaae3b" name="answer[3a9cc4245448a2fb7fce4e81aee95e89][]" type="radio" value="21e649bed97e3b9703087dc5e3ca382d" /> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-11-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affab633" name="answer[3a9cc4245448a2fb7fce4e81aee95e89][]" type="radio" value="ae8e7177aa7a12e801f6988cd2914058" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-12-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msup><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affabe3e" name="answer[3a9cc4245448a2fb7fce4e81aee95e89][]" type="radio" value="27646f34c0e7143574fd2d86eb79bc9d" /> <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-13-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">The probability is <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-14-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>. To see why, observe
that whatever <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-15-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Y</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is, the probability that
<span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-16-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 102px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>X</mi><mo largeop="false" stretchy="false">⊕</mo><mi>Y</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> is the same as the probability that <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-17-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> which is
exactly <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-18-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> because <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-19-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is uniform.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Suppose <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-20-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a symmetric cipher that uses 128 bit keys to
encrypt 1024 bit messages. Suppose <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-21-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a symmetric
cipher that uses 128 bit keys to encrypt 128 bit messages.
The encryption algorithms <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-22-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-23-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> are deterministic and
do not use nonces. Which of the following statements is true?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affaf140" name="answer[9082259d4f707152407b19e7d0c68537][]" type="checkbox" value="67767c35d94051c4128d63aa37abc0a5" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-24-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> can be semantically secure under a chosen plaintext attack.</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>The statement is incorrect: <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-25-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is deterministic and uses no nonces</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affafbfd" name="answer[9082259d4f707152407b19e7d0c68537][]" type="checkbox" value="7bf23995ab1d9892a6bc6e0c8aa47000" /><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-26-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> can be one-time semantically secure, but cannot be perfectly
secure.
</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Yes, for example <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-27-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> can be a secure stream cipher.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affb0739" name="answer[9082259d4f707152407b19e7d0c68537][]" type="checkbox" value="ab35b82cb6bf056fe86a3e2d619e0198" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-28-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> can be semantically secure under a chosen plaintext attack.</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>The statement is incorrect: <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-29-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is deterministic and uses no nonces.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affb11c0" name="answer[9082259d4f707152407b19e7d0c68537][]" type="checkbox" value="aa26367779d0c92ed9ad00585c73c3fe" /><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-30-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> can be one-time semantically secure.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Yes, for example <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-31-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> can be a secure stream cipher.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Which of the following statements regarding CBC and counter mode is correct?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affb7078" name="answer[f6ac0c1b527336c49df6254316cce0a5][]" type="radio" value="d372a4ad09858c8a8d654591b15c9e8c" /> CBC mode encryption requires a block
cipher (PRP), but counter mode encryption only needs a PRF.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Yes, CBC needs to invert the PRP for decryption, while
counter mode only needs to evaluate the PRF in the forward direction
for both encryption and decryption. Therefore, a PRF is
sufficient for counter mode.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affb7cf0" name="answer[f6ac0c1b527336c49df6254316cce0a5][]" type="radio" value="3c7c3160c631fb293a3eba93dcc51afc" /> Both counter mode and CBC mode can operate
just using a PRF. </td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affb8504" name="answer[f6ac0c1b527336c49df6254316cce0a5][]" type="radio" value="97f79bf3cc4b137f70bd767f1667094d" />Both counter mode and CBC mode require a block
cipher (PRP).</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affb8c78" name="answer[f6ac0c1b527336c49df6254316cce0a5][]" type="radio" value="63ef868ba62114977d9ce7be5e85d5de" />counter mode encryption requires a block
cipher (PRP), but CBC mode encryption only needs a PRF.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-32-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 66px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">:</mo><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>X</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a secure PRG where <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-33-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 83px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo><mrow><mn>256</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
We let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-34-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 48px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> denote
the left half of the output and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-35-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 48px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> denote the right half.
Which of the following statements is true?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affbc1a8" name="answer[6f010f843203a99ab64c03d9098d8059][]" type="radio" value="5518c92e4de129efe7addfb0a72872b2" /><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-36-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 117px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>F</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a secure PRF with key space <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-37-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and message
space <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-38-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 66px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">∈</mo><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Yes, since the output of <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-39-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 29px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is indistinguishable from
random, the left and right halves are indistinguishable from random
independent values.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affbce2a" name="answer[6f010f843203a99ab64c03d9098d8059][]" type="radio" value="f31b6aa53a7ab5e7246b0687e73b8f9a" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-40-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 148px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>F</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mo largeop="false" stretchy="false">⊕</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a secure PRF with key space and message
space <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-41-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affbd8fa" name="answer[6f010f843203a99ab64c03d9098d8059][]" type="radio" value="8af58b9d342cbdfc193d8322e390e894" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-42-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 148px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>F</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mo largeop="false" stretchy="false">⊕</mo><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a secure PRF with key space and message
space <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-43-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affbe0b3" name="answer[6f010f843203a99ab64c03d9098d8059][]" type="radio" value="1a66c0668892ead038c19e91bc5702fd" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-44-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 107px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>F</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>m</mi><mo largeop="false" stretchy="false">⊕</mo><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a secure PRF with key space and message space <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-45-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-46-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a nonce-based symmetric encryption system (i.e. algorithm
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-47-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> takes as input a key, a message, and a nonce, and similarly the
decryption algorithm takes a nonce as one of its inputs). The system
provides chosen plaintext security (CPA-security) as long as the nonce
never repeats. Suppose a single encryption key is used to encrypt
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-48-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 23px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mn>32</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> messages and the nonces are generated independently at random for each
encryption, how long should the nonce be to ensure that it never repeats
with high probability?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affc19c2" name="answer[2232689641a395892a7be98a356b91b4][]" type="radio" value="cbb1796d46a02beb9f2492f0d14efd63" />16 bits</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affc2224" name="answer[2232689641a395892a7be98a356b91b4][]" type="radio" value="ab1946031da8d09d75a12ece85742eac" />64 bits</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affc2deb" name="answer[2232689641a395892a7be98a356b91b4][]" type="radio" value="7a9b366e362ee687d64aa43c627463aa" />48 bits</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affc37af" name="answer[2232689641a395892a7be98a356b91b4][]" type="radio" value="b1179555dbbf4de3b48197f25070d7f2" />128 bits</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Yes, the probability of repetition after <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-49-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 23px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mn>32</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> samples
is negligible.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Same as question 6 except that
now the nonce is generated using a counter. The counter resets to 0
when a new key is chosen and is incremented by 1 after every encryption.
What is the shortest nonce possible to ensure that the nonce does not
repeat when encrypting <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-50-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 23px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mn>32</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> messages using a single key?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affc7660" name="answer[21a086de18cf2714e5be6fd8195e7dcd][]" type="radio" value="ceb5c6d814bde2fcdff408d9013f6c84" />the nonce must be chosen at random, otherwise the system
cannot be CPA secure.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affc7db6" name="answer[21a086de18cf2714e5be6fd8195e7dcd][]" type="radio" value="975445735a7e2712ff07ae083244329a" /> 16 bits</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affc851c" name="answer[21a086de18cf2714e5be6fd8195e7dcd][]" type="radio" value="2c05720022afe8bbe1f0c225aeb00dcf" /> 32 bits</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Yes, with 32 bits there are <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-51-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 23px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mn>32</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> nonces and each
message will use a different nonce. </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affc903f" name="answer[21a086de18cf2714e5be6fd8195e7dcd][]" type="radio" value="84a01c30d8163739088f47d41b8aaf2f" /> 64 bits</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-52-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 36px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a deterministic MAC system with message space <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-53-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 13px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and key
space <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-54-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Which of the following properties is implied by the
standard MAC security definition?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affcc2bd" name="answer[556e2d38da9526ff3a73f887712cbdd3][]" type="radio" value="17e670f1ba2324dc7b57196cc4a22a94" />Given a key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-55-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-56-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> it is difficult to find
distinct messages <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-57-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-58-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> such that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-59-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 124px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affcca4b" name="answer[556e2d38da9526ff3a73f887712cbdd3][]" type="radio" value="486dec41df83175ca38934abdf25f2c9" /><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-60-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 46px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> preserves semantic security of <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-61-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
That is, the adversary learns nothing about <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-62-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> given <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-63-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 46px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">no, <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-64-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 177px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">(</mo></mrow><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>H</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a secure MAC, but does nothing to hide <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-65-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affcd58e" name="answer[556e2d38da9526ff3a73f887712cbdd3][]" type="radio" value="d272e7846f1a46b17f5625415e7bd7b2" /> The function <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-66-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 46px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a secure PRF.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affcdcae" name="answer[556e2d38da9526ff3a73f887712cbdd3][]" type="radio" value="0e748995a6e836955daeaf5965ca1f1d" />Given <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-67-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-68-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 46px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> it is difficult to compute <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-69-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-70-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 62px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">:</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a collision resistant hash function where <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-71-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><mi>T</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span> is smaller than <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-72-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 23px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><mi>M</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
Which of the following properties is implied by collision resistance?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affdce08" name="answer[28af6ba2b4c8929c49b1f49fd594eadd][]" type="radio" value="d5843a5239eb16e97ad5d5bb69e0403e" /> <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-73-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> preserves semantic security of <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-74-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>
(that is, given <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-75-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> the attacker learns nothing about <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-76-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>).
</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">no, for example <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-77-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 65px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is collision resistance, but
does not hide <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-78-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affdff35" name="answer[28af6ba2b4c8929c49b1f49fd594eadd][]" type="radio" value="f64f3ced8cd8253362bc414b7e03faf7" /> it is difficult to find <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-79-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-80-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> such
that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-81-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 126px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>. (here we treat the outputs of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-82-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> as integers)
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affe0772" name="answer[28af6ba2b4c8929c49b1f49fd594eadd][]" type="radio" value="6cdffcd313bc1e74a2169e47077e37b9" />For all <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-83-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-84-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 13px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>, <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-85-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> must be shorter than <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-86-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affe1743" name="answer[28af6ba2b4c8929c49b1f49fd594eadd][]" type="radio" value="7317297a6e09705d120cc99f0c963107" />Given a tag <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-87-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">∈</mo><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> it is difficult to construct
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-88-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 43px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">∈</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> such that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-89-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 58px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Recall that when encrypting data you should typically use
a symmetric encryption system that provides authenticated encryption.
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-90-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a symmetric encryption system providing authenticated
encryption. Which of the following statements is implied by
authenticated encryption?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affeca0f" name="answer[040f4c9f82417b751a7319e660ba74f2][]" type="checkbox" value="65a7a15c551dde2ba341291c569e91ca" /> Given <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-91-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 71px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> for some secret <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-92-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 26px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>,
the attacker cannot find <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-93-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 38px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>k</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> such that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-94-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 83px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>k</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>The statement is incorrect: there are no guarantees about the hardness of finding
keys <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-95-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>k</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> with special properties. For example, it is possible to
build a GCM-like system where finding <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-96-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>k</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-97-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>m</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> is easy,
despite the system providing authenticated encryption.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affed5fb" name="answer[040f4c9f82417b751a7319e660ba74f2][]" type="checkbox" value="d896f8d5df82e18d4ac54e1955862381" />Given <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-98-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-99-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 47px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> the attacker
cannot create a valid encryption of <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-100-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>. (here we treat plaintexts
as integers)</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">yes, otherwise the system would not have ciphertext
integrity.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affee3d2" name="answer[040f4c9f82417b751a7319e660ba74f2][]" type="checkbox" value="7459f96ac8eec543b80af6ee7ea9a2d7" />Given <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-101-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-102-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 47px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> it is difficult to find <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-103-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">yes, otherwise the system would not even be chosen plaintext
secure.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229affef71a" name="answer[040f4c9f82417b751a7319e660ba74f2][]" type="checkbox" value="790e28f069d5730073f5842e852881b0" /> The attacker cannot create a ciphertext <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-104-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>
such that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-105-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 70px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">⊥</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>The statement is incorrect: a random string in the ciphertext space will most
likely result in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-106-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">⊥</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> so an attacker can just choose a random
ciphertext.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Which of the following statements is true about the basic Diffie-Hellman
key-exchange protocol.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229afff3cab" name="answer[55445402babc476c1cc8afbb7c0ee136][]" type="checkbox" value="7476cf8b6d5916578dd9e1c76391d779" />The protocol is based on the concept of a trapdoor
function.</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>The statement is incorrect: Diffie-Hellman does not use trapdoor functions. It is based on the exponentiation function <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-107-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 62px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>x</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> and the fact that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-108-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 90px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>a</mi></msup><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>b</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>b</mi></msup><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>a</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>. The exponentiation function in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-109-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span> does not have a trapdoor (as far as we know).
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b00006b9" name="answer[55445402babc476c1cc8afbb7c0ee136][]" type="checkbox" value="fc951d3aefcd6e7cc799ec07cadca972" />The protocol can be converted to a public-key
encryption system called the ElGamal public-key system.
</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">yes, that is correct.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b00011e1" name="answer[55445402babc476c1cc8afbb7c0ee136][]" type="checkbox" value="f46f907e380a15937375ce92a35b4901" />The basic protocol enables key exchange secure against
eavesdropping, but is insecure against active adversaries that can
inject and modify messages. </span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">yes, Diffie-Hellman is secure against eavesdropping,
but is insecure against man in the middle attacks. </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b0002696" name="answer[55445402babc476c1cc8afbb7c0ee136][]" type="checkbox" value="476a7d98d00c58a7c814580f5e8fd64c" />The basic protocol provides key exchange secure against
active adversaries that can inject and modify messages.</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>The statement is incorrect: basic Diffie-Hellman is secure against eavesdropping,
but is insecure against man in the middle attacks. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 12</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Suppose <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-110-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 32px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span> parties, call them <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-111-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 72px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mo stretchy="false">…</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>, wish to setup
a shared group key. They want a protocol so that at the end
of the protocol they all have a common secret key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-112-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>, but an eavesdropper
who sees the entire conversation cannot determine <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-113-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. The parties
agree on the following protocol that runs in a group <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-114-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> of prime order <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-115-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>
with generator <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-116-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>:
<br />
<ul>
<li>for <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-117-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 62px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mo stretchy="false">…</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> party <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-118-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> chooses a random <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-119-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 12px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> in
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-120-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 52px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mo stretchy="false">…</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and sends to Party <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-121-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> the quantity <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-122-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 55px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</li>
<li>Party <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-123-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> generates a random <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-124-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-125-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 52px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mo stretchy="false">…</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and
for <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-126-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 62px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mo stretchy="false">…</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> responds to Party <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-127-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> with the messages
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-128-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 52px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>Y</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msubsup><mi>X</mi><mi>i</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</li>
</ul>
The final group key should be <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-129-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 17px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>b</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Clearly Party <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-130-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> can compute
this group key. How would each Party <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-131-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> compute this group key?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b0006ba7" name="answer[46e58f91ec5603fcbda144abcbf2dd56][]" type="radio" value="e23cd3d3af49622d9a15741bf80a2761" />Party <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-132-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> computes <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-133-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 17px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>b</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> as <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-134-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Y</mi><mi>i</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Yes, <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-135-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 138px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Y</mi><mi>i</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>b</mi><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>b</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b0007ada" name="answer[46e58f91ec5603fcbda144abcbf2dd56][]" type="radio" value="67b599944aa48d04a8a874ef02880f00" /> Party <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-136-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> computes <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-137-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 17px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>b</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> as <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-138-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 29px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Y</mi><mi>i</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b00086ef" name="answer[46e58f91ec5603fcbda144abcbf2dd56][]" type="radio" value="a9060d0489be8b420e0b9cca08e208d8" /> Party <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-139-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> computes <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-140-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 17px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>b</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> as <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-141-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 42px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Y</mi><mi>i</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b0008ec9" name="answer[46e58f91ec5603fcbda144abcbf2dd56][]" type="radio" value="2c01b75f29f9a983f8ff0aab2329e560" />Party <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-142-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> computes <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-143-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 17px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>b</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> as <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-144-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 22px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi>Y</mi><mi>i</mi><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Question 13</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="text-align: justify;">
Recall that the RSA trapdoor permutation is defined in the group
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-145-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span> where <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-146-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a product of two large
primes. The public key is <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-147-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 36px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>e</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and the private key is <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-148-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>
where <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-149-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is the inverse of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-150-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-151-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
<br />
<br />
Suppose RSA was defined modulo a prime <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-152-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> instead of an RSA
composite <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-153-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Show that in that case anyone can compute the private
key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-154-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> from the public key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-155-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 36px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>e</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> by computing:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b000cd5b" name="answer[198aacba48bf2475e4b4f237ba924393][]" type="radio" value="dcef30abec0e899418d7e75202d54e7c" /> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-156-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 111px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mtext> </mtext><mspace width="0.444em"></mspace><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>mod</mi><mspace width="0.333em"></mspace><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b000d693" name="answer[198aacba48bf2475e4b4f237ba924393][]" type="radio" value="08f33d8e2f84a1c458e428c13b9c120d" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-157-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 126px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mspace width="0.444em"></mspace><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>mod</mi><mspace width="0.333em"></mspace><msup><mi>p</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b000df77" name="answer[198aacba48bf2475e4b4f237ba924393][]" type="radio" value="9cd8d606b2f61abce182aa1753ed4780" /> <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-158-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 142px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mspace width="0.444em"></mspace><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>mod</mi><mspace width="0.333em"></mspace><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">yes, that is correct.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229b000ed7a" name="answer[198aacba48bf2475e4b4f237ba924393][]" type="radio" value="2157d57e465a25fe2af1fd7c4cc097a1" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-159-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 118px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mi>e</mi><mtext> </mtext><mspace width="0.444em"></mspace><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>mod</mi><mspace width="0.333em"></mspace><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-17840198713814604762013-09-10T07:08:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:30:14.162+05:30Public Key Encryption from trapdoor permutations (Week - 6) - Cryptography I<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Score of <b>10.00</b> out of <b>11.00</b>.</div>
<div class="course-quiz-preamble" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Recall that with symmetric ciphers it is possible to encrypt a 32-bit
message and obtain a 32-bit ciphertext (e.g. with the one time pad or
with a nonce-based system). Can the same be done with a public-key
system?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a43f06d0" name="answer[8b1e8495220ddbcd1e5bfdabaec89ad5][]" type="radio" value="a1c02ffb6d3dca916da3c3dd503badfc" /> Yes, when encrypting a short plaintext the output
of the public-key encryption algorithm can be truncated to the length
of the plaintext.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a43f2ab6" name="answer[8b1e8495220ddbcd1e5bfdabaec89ad5][]" type="radio" value="4ffdc13ec673db3eb6b7c6a294fcc722" /> It is not possible with the ElGamal system, but
may be possible with other systems. </td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a43f34a3" name="answer[8b1e8495220ddbcd1e5bfdabaec89ad5][]" type="radio" value="a48037866c8c71f58055f31f653205b0" />It is possible and depends on the specifics of the
system.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a43f3d98" name="answer[8b1e8495220ddbcd1e5bfdabaec89ad5][]" type="radio" value="512db4992391d0659f45f4e606bd2c41" />No, public-key systems with short ciphertexts
can never be secure.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">An attacker can use the public key to build a
dictionary of all <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 23px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mn>32</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> ciphertexts of length 32 bits along with
their decryption and use the dictionary to decrypt any captured ciphertext. </span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 68px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a semantically secure public-key encryption
system. Can algorithm <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> be deterministic?
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4403d59" name="answer[7c6f92010b34cae0089b9ab87d61ac04][]" type="radio" value="6dc0f325e494fc6d9fd57ada11923b9f" />No, semantically secure public-key encryption must
be randomized.
</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">That's correct since otherwise an attacker can easily
break semantic security.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4404968" name="answer[7c6f92010b34cae0089b9ab87d61ac04][]" type="radio" value="fbeac1f409583e4ecba97ada5a26fd12" /> No, but chosen-ciphertext secure encryption
can be deterministic.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a440508d" name="answer[7c6f92010b34cae0089b9ab87d61ac04][]" type="radio" value="d999cb1295ac16ff155eae4356a422e6" /> Yes, some public-key encryption schemes are deterministic.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4405895" name="answer[7c6f92010b34cae0089b9ab87d61ac04][]" type="radio" value="5824111d4ecff5315cd8944748a678ff" /> Yes, RSA encryption is deterministic.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 68px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a chosen ciphertext secure public-key encryption
system with message space <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 55px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo><mrow><mn>128</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Which of the following is
also chosen ciphertext secure?
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4408941" name="answer[f05891d56aa8792b48193d04092eb206][]" type="checkbox" value="6d71e4014c021781528d9c6be73ed0e6" /> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 80px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> where
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 236px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">(</mo></mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mn>128</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 171px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">(</mo></mrow><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">)</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>This construction is not chosen-ciphertext secure.
An attacker can output two messages <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 66px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mn>128</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-10-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 66px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mn>128</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and be given back a challenge ciphertext <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-11-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 45px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>. The attacker
would then ask for the decryption of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-12-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 98px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mn>128</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and
be given in response <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-13-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> or <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-14-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> thereby letting the attacker
win the game. Note that the decryption query is valid since it is
different from the challenger ciphertext <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-15-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 45px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a44094ea" name="answer[f05891d56aa8792b48193d04092eb206][]" type="checkbox" value="fdef27b91662de0dae4e9bd9722ce71d" /> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-16-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 80px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> where
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-17-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 220px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">(</mo></mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-18-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 333px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">(</mo></mrow><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">)</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mfenced close="" open="{"><mtable columnalign="left left" columnspacing="1em" rowspacing=".1em"><mtr><mtd><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mtd><mtd><mtext>if </mtext><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi mathvariant="normal">⊥</mi></mtd><mtd><mtext>otherwise</mtext></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.25</td>
<td>This construction is not chosen-ciphertext secure.
An attacker can output two messages <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-19-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 66px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mn>128</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-20-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 66px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mn>128</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> and be given back a challenge ciphertext <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-21-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 45px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>. He would then, on his own, create a new random encryption of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-22-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>, call it <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-23-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 14px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>, and ask for the decryption of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-24-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 45px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>,
which is a valid decryption query since it is different from the
challenge ciphertext with high probability. The response is either <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-25-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 20px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> or <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-26-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">⊥</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> depending on the contents of the challenge ciphertext and this lets the attacker win the game.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a440a02e" name="answer[f05891d56aa8792b48193d04092eb206][]" type="checkbox" value="825a9f8eaeabdf86b01adb9ffb926d9e" /><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-27-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 80px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> where
<span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-28-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 190px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>m</mi><mo largeop="false" stretchy="false">⊕</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mn>128</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and
<span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-29-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 173px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo largeop="false" stretchy="false">⊕</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mn>128</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">This construction is chosen-ciphertext secure.
An attack on <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-30-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 74px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> gives an
attack on <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-31-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 68px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a440bf7a" name="answer[f05891d56aa8792b48193d04092eb206][]" type="checkbox" value="6700c642ec0cbbeedc0c5656199a5ee2" /> <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-32-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 80px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> where
<span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-33-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 270px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">[</mo></mrow><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext>output</mtext><mtext> </mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">]</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-34-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 258px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">(</mo></mrow><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">)</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mfenced close="" open="{"><mtable columnalign="left left" columnspacing="1em" rowspacing=".1em"><mtr><mtd><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mtd><mtd><mtext>if </mtext><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi mathvariant="normal">⊥</mi></mtd><mtd><mtext>otherwise</mtext></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.25</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">This construction is chosen-ciphertext secure.
An attack on <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-35-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 74px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>E</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> gives an
attack on <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-36-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 68px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gen</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Recall that an RSA public key consists of an RSA modulus <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-37-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and an exponent <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-38-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. One might be tempted to use the same
RSA modulus in different public keys. For example, Alice might
use <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-39-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> as her public key while Bob may use <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-40-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>5</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> as his
public key. Alice's secret key is <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-41-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 128px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mn>3</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo>mod</mo></mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and Bob's secret key is <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-42-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 128px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mn>5</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo>mod</mo></mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
<br />
<br />
In this question and the next we will show that it is insecure
for Alice and Bob to use the same modulus <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-43-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. In particular,
we show that either user can use their secret key to factor <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-44-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
Alice can use the factorization to compute <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-45-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 33px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and then
compute Bob's secret key.
<br />
<br />
As a first step, show that Alice can use her public key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-46-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and private key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-47-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 15px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> to construct an integer multiple of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-48-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 33px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
Which of the following is an integer multiple of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-49-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 33px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>?
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4410971" name="answer[e935339f3766eede3c5156b950a13b52][]" type="radio" value="f678a668be34a1700202853919d2a5ed" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-50-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 39px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a441118d" name="answer[e935339f3766eede3c5156b950a13b52][]" type="radio" value="85f91ba0bbe1f763bdf80a283391461b" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-51-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 48px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>5</mn><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4411908" name="answer[e935339f3766eede3c5156b950a13b52][]" type="radio" value="ecc745981e30d24dfd98d25452b5c9c8" /> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-52-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 24px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a44121f6" name="answer[e935339f3766eede3c5156b950a13b52][]" type="radio" value="cfecd26cd9acf4b991e87f8bf3d59e91" /> <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-53-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 48px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Since <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-54-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 128px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mn>3</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo>mod</mo></mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> we know that
<span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-55-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 121px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>mod</mo></mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and therefore <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-56-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 48px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>d</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span> is
divisibly by <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-57-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 33px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Now that Alice has a multiple of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-58-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 33px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> let's see how she can
factor <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-59-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 44px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-60-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> be the given muliple of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-61-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 33px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
Then for any <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-62-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-63-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 19px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span> we have <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-64-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 42px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>x</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>
in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-65-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Alice chooses a random <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-66-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>
in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-67-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 19px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span> and computes the sequence <br />
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-68-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 134px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>x</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>x</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>x</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>x</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">…</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-69-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> <br />
and stops as soon as she reaches the first element <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-70-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 61px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>x</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msup><mn>2</mn><mi>i</mi></msup></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> such
that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-71-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 35px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">≠</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span> (if she gets stuck because the exponent becomes odd, she
picks a new random <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-72-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and tries again). It can be shown that with
probability <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-73-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 27px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span> this <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-74-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> satisfies <br />
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-75-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 399px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mfenced close="" open="{"><mtable columnalign="left left" columnspacing="1em" rowspacing=".1em"><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>mod</mo></mrow><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext>and</mtext></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>mod</mo></mrow><mi>q</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mspace width="2em"></mspace><mspace width="2em"></mspace><mtext>or</mtext><mspace width="2em"></mspace><mspace width="2em"></mspace><mfenced close="" open="{"><mtable columnalign="left left" columnspacing="1em" rowspacing=".1em"><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>mod</mo></mrow><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext>and</mtext></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>mod</mo></mrow><mi>q</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></mrow></math></span></span></span> <br />
How can Alice use this <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-76-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> to factor <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-77-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>?
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a441577f" name="answer[c2444f74f8b811872738a862aa74d5aa][]" type="radio" value="37647899589d16e4bf0d61d340205c57" /> compute <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-78-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 89px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">This will mostly like return <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-79-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span> which doesn't help
Alice factor <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-80-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4416459" name="answer[c2444f74f8b811872738a862aa74d5aa][]" type="radio" value="95fb5b61fab53fc92f9489c6926a97c8" />
compute <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-81-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 98px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mn>2</mn><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4416bbc" name="answer[c2444f74f8b811872738a862aa74d5aa][]" type="radio" value="f85606f645363575dfd12afed081fe8d" />compute <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-82-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 89px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4417538" name="answer[c2444f74f8b811872738a862aa74d5aa][]" type="radio" value="f691727eb4f1bdcc7c9fedcf7490db42" />compute <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-83-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 89px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
In standard RSA the modulus <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-84-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a product of two distinct primes.
Suppose we choose the modulus so that it is a product of three distinct primes,
namely <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-85-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 51px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>q</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Given an exponent <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-86-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> relatively prime
to <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-87-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 33px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> we can derive the secret key
as <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-88-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 120px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo>mod</mo></mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>. The public key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-89-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 36px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>e</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and
secret key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-90-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> work as before. What is <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-91-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 33px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> when
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-92-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a product of three distinct primes?
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a441b685" name="answer[aa0c261c7b90058b39ce1e0d3e9ee8d6][]" type="radio" value="ebac578a64eaafce0b7eb24cbbea5f7f" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-93-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 139px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a441be94" name="answer[aa0c261c7b90058b39ce1e0d3e9ee8d6][]" type="radio" value="2fa748049e8ffb3e7efd750ca6737c83" /> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-94-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 182px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a441cc64" name="answer[aa0c261c7b90058b39ce1e0d3e9ee8d6][]" type="radio" value="e59153d5a82c4864be87f55bb7a72bb3" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-95-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 146px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a441d445" name="answer[aa0c261c7b90058b39ce1e0d3e9ee8d6][]" type="radio" value="7ee18ebbaa86ce489b69852b9fdbfa0d" /> <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-96-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 182px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span></span>
</td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">When is a product of distinct primes then <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-97-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 29px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span>
satisfies <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-98-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 329px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
An administrator comes up with the following key management scheme:
he generates an RSA modulus <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-99-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and an element <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-100-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 6px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>
in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-101-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 19px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">∗</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span>. He then gives user number <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-102-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 4px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> the secret
key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-103-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 44px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-104-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> where <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-105-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 10px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> is the <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-106-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 4px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>'th
prime (i.e. 2 is the first prime, 3 is the second, and so on).
<br />
<br />
Now, the administrator encrypts a file that is accssible to
users <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-107-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>j</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-108-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 6px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> with the key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-109-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 59px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>j</mi></msub><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-110-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
It is easy to see that each of the three users can compute <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-111-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. For
example, user <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-112-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 4px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> computes <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-113-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> as <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-114-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 67px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>j</mi></msub><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>. The
administrator hopes that other than users <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-115-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>j</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-116-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 6px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>, no other user
can compute <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-117-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and access the file.
<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, this system is terribly insecure. Any two colluding
users can combine their secret keys to recover the master secret <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-118-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 6px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and then access all files on the system. Let's see how. Suppose
users 1 and 2 collude. Because <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-119-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 13px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-120-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 13px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> are distinct
primes there are integers <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-121-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-122-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> such that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-123-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 85px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mi>b</mi><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
Now, users 1 and 2 can compute <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-124-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 6px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> from the secret keys <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-125-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 13px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-126-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 13px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> as follows:
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a442175f" name="answer[1d697cb4ccfe400e6e7444b2b686537d][]" type="radio" value="194712b4df509a38ffa95c7673c717b7" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-127-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 66px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>a</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>b</mi></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-128-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a44220c5" name="answer[1d697cb4ccfe400e6e7444b2b686537d][]" type="radio" value="569b37586770cd9437ce659ecc68d43d" /> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-129-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 66px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>b</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-130-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a44228ff" name="answer[1d697cb4ccfe400e6e7444b2b686537d][]" type="radio" value="a32f537f5bb3f3d19c3a158cc5749729" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-131-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 62px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>b</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-132-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4423528" name="answer[1d697cb4ccfe400e6e7444b2b686537d][]" type="radio" value="d69cdf54d1d114f4bf2d491af2cc1230" /> <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-133-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 62px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>a</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>b</mi></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-134-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-135-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 232px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>a</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msubsup><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>b</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mi>a</mi></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>b</mi></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>b</mi></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-136-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-137-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a finite cyclic group of order <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-138-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and consider
the following variant of ElGamal encryption in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-139-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>:
<br />
<ul>
<li> Gen: choose a random generator <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-140-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-141-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and a
random <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-142-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-143-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Output <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-144-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 102px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>h</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>x</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-145-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 66px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>. </li>
<li> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-146-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 84px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">∈</mo><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>: choose a random <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-147-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-148-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and output <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-149-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 75px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>r</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msup><mi>h</mi><mi>r</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</li>
<li> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-150-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 88px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">(</mo></mrow><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span>: output <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-151-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 37px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msubsup><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn><mi>x</mi></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</li>
</ul>
This variant, called plain ElGamal, can be shown to be semantically secure
under an appropriate
assumption about <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-152-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. It is however not chosen-ciphertext secure
because it is easy to compute on ciphertexts. That is,
let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-153-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 45px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> be the output of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-154-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 63px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and let
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-155-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 45px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> be the output of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-156-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 63px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Then just given
these two ciphertexts it is easy to construct the
encryption of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-157-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 50px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> as follows:
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4427d99" name="answer[aa3538943885a7a6d88b4b3997e60ab1][]" type="radio" value="d684d06fb97ba5708164bad552542b3c" /> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-158-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 96px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is an encryption of of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-159-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 50px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4428a8d" name="answer[aa3538943885a7a6d88b4b3997e60ab1][]" type="radio" value="7f9d6cd913dd11659a0afb8a1c30e76c" /> <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-160-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 96px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is an encryption of of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-161-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 50px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4429266" name="answer[aa3538943885a7a6d88b4b3997e60ab1][]" type="radio" value="abf5d26d48713b0ed26887d815087ce4" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-162-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 107px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is an encryption of of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-163-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 50px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a44299a8" name="answer[aa3538943885a7a6d88b4b3997e60ab1][]" type="radio" value="39cce6bff01aabbff767a8a19b9035b0" /><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-164-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 76px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is an encryption of of <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-165-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 50px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Indeed, <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-166-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 238px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>c</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msup><mi>h</mi><mrow><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>,
which is a valid encryption of <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-167-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 39px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-168-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> be a finite cyclic group of order <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-169-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and let <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-170-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 103px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mtext>pk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>h</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>a</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-171-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 67px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mtext>sk</mtext><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> be an ElGamal public/secret
key pair in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-172-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> as described in Segment 12.1. Suppose we want to
distribute the secret key to two parties so that both parties are
needed to decrypt. Moreover, during decryption the secret key is
never re-constructed in a single location. A simple way to do so it
to choose random numbers <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-173-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 36px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-174-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> such
that <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-175-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 71px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. One party is given <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-176-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 15px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> and the other party
is given <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-177-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 15px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Now, to decrypt an ElGamal ciphertext
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-178-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 33px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>u</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> we send <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-179-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> to both parties. What do the two parties return
and how do we use these values to decrypt?
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a442d58d" name="answer[40eeb9fcb4f978b22a31bd143a74edb5][]" type="radio" value="1d50cba82f6ee17189188d6c9847f1fe" />party 1 returns <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-180-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 74px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>u</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>, party 2 returns <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-181-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 74px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>u</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and the results are combined by computing <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-182-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 75px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>v</mi><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a442ddee" name="answer[40eeb9fcb4f978b22a31bd143a74edb5][]" type="radio" value="651b725abcbedb42a6576da1454498ef" />party 1 returns <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-183-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 70px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>u</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msubsup><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>, party 2 returns <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-184-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 70px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>u</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msubsup><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and the results are combined by computing <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-185-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 71px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>v</mi><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a442e68f" name="answer[40eeb9fcb4f978b22a31bd143a74edb5][]" type="radio" value="c5d3761db80518ae4d9b5859acda788b" />party 1 returns <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-186-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 60px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>u</mi><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>, party 2 returns <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-187-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 60px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>u</mi><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and the results are combined by computing <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-188-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 75px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>v</mi><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a442edd9" name="answer[40eeb9fcb4f978b22a31bd143a74edb5][]" type="radio" value="2b669f68f0ec89651916d7e22f06919c" />party 1 returns <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-189-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 60px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>u</mi><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>, party 2 returns <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-190-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 60px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msup><mi>u</mi><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>
and the results are combined by computing <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-191-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 71px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>v</mi><mo stretchy="false">←</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">Indeed, <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-192-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 163px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>v</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">⋅</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>a</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> as needed
for decryption. Note that the secret key was never re-constructed
for this distributed decryption to work.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Suppose Alice and Bob live in a country with 50 states. Alice is
currently in state <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-193-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 88px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">∈</mo><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mo stretchy="false">…</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>50</mn><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> and Bob is currently in
state <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-194-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 87px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">∈</mo><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mo stretchy="false">…</mo><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mn>50</mn><mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>. They can communicate with one
another and Alice wants to test if she is currently in the same state
as Bob. If they are in the same state, Alice should learn that fact
and otherwise she should learn nothing else about Bob's location. Bob
should learn nothing about Alice's location.
<br />
<br />
They agree on the following scheme:
<br />
<ul>
<li> They fix a group <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-195-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> of prime order <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-196-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and generator <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-197-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-198-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span></li>
<li> Alice chooses random <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-199-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-200-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 9px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-201-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> and sends to Bob
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-202-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 191px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">(</mo></mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>x</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>y</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mi>a</mi></mrow></msup><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span> </li>
<li> Bob choose random <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-203-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-204-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 6px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> in <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-205-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span> and sends back to Alice
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-206-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 203px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">(</mo></mrow><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>r</mi></msubsup><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>s</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>b</mi></msup><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>r</mi></msup><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mi>s</mi></msubsup><mrow><mo fence="true" maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true" symmetric="true">)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span> </li>
</ul>
What should Alice do now to test if they are in the same state (i.e. to test if <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-207-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>) ?
<br />
<br />
Note that Bob learns nothing from this protocol because he simply
recieved a plain ElGamal encryption of <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-208-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 17px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>a</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> under the public key <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-209-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>x</mi></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>. One can show that
if <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-210-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">≠</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> then Alice learns nothing else from this protocol because
she recieves the encryption of a random value.
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a443215d" name="answer[31e97eebbcff79a3084f04ebf48e6b96][]" type="radio" value="21c9d79fd906c259863e6cf16717a8a6" /> Alice tests if <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-211-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> by checking if <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-212-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 59px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>x</mi></msubsup><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a44328c3" name="answer[31e97eebbcff79a3084f04ebf48e6b96][]" type="radio" value="b000b2ccb42e61f484a91c434352116b" /> Alice tests if <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-213-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> by checking if <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-214-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 68px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4432fd6" name="answer[31e97eebbcff79a3084f04ebf48e6b96][]" type="radio" value="d21a90126b18a81f2086f24838006b4f" /> Alice tests if <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-215-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> by checking if <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-216-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 59px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>x</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4433708" name="answer[31e97eebbcff79a3084f04ebf48e6b96][]" type="radio" value="f18c721c494e7dc2147457ea14f86366" /> Alice tests if <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-217-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> by checking if <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-218-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 68px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>x</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">The pair <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-219-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 50px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> from Bob satisfies <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-220-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 69px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>y</mi><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> and <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-221-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 132px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>x</mi></msup><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>y</mi><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">+</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></msup><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Therefore, it is a
plain ElGamal encryption of the plaintext <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-222-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 44px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span> under the
public key <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-223-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 43px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy="false">,</mo><msup><mi>g</mi><mi>x</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span>. This plaintext happens to be 1 when <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-224-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">=</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
The term <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-225-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 42px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mn>1</mn><mi>x</mi></msubsup></mrow></math></span></span></span> computes the ElGamal plaintext and compares it to 1.
</span><br />
<span style="color: #ffd966;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #ffd966;">Note that when <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-226-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">≠</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> the <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-227-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 50px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> term ensures that Alice learns
nothing about <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-228-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> other than the fact that <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-229-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">≠</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
Indeed, when <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-230-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 34px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">≠</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> then <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-231-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 50px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a uniform non-zero element of
<span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-232-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 16px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="text-align: justify;">
[OPTIONAL: EXTRA CREDIT] What is the bound on <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-233-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 8px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> for Wiener's attack when <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-234-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a product
of <b>three</b> equal size distinct primes?
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a4439e28" name="answer[a7bf428267654b78966ec7a99f4692f0][]" type="radio" value="580264dd312493f56a059326fca0624c" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-235-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 74px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false"><</mo><msup><mi>N</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> for some constant <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-236-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a443a55a" name="answer[a7bf428267654b78966ec7a99f4692f0][]" type="radio" value="c5e5c42a1f09f98ac4f07113be51a9f0" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-237-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 74px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false"><</mo><msup><mi>N</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> for some constant <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-238-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a443ac66" name="answer[a7bf428267654b78966ec7a99f4692f0][]" type="radio" value="8eabeb766762d3bc880e34da48b65d60" /><span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-239-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 74px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false"><</mo><msup><mi>N</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> for some constant <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-240-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>.
</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229a443b35d" name="answer[a7bf428267654b78966ec7a99f4692f0][]" type="radio" value="d69588b8e5d91b75f839cc5ff3ccef32" /> <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-241-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 74px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false"><</mo><msup><mi>N</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> for some constant <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-242-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 7px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span>. </span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">The only change to the analysis is that <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-243-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 60px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">−</mo><mi mathvariant="italic">φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></span></span></span> is now
on the order of <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-244-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 32px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>N</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">/</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span></span></span>. Everything else stays the same. Plugging
in this bound gives the answer. Note that the bound is weaker in this case compared to when <span class="MathJax_MathML" id="MathJax-Element-245-Frame" style="font-size: 111%;"><span class="MathJax_MathContainer" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 11px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span></span></span> is a product of two primes making the attack less effective.
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6194702237432654242.post-7393954103165317402013-09-08T07:30:00.000+05:302014-05-18T11:30:01.295+05:30Maps and the Geospatial Revolution - Feedback — Final Exam Score of <b>43.46</b> out of <b>50.00</b>. <br />
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 1</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Tobler’s first law of Geography says:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f821c08b" name="answer[ef4d4206e1f9c4890f3d219e6c281c83][]" type="radio" value="fbebf2bae1e7624f8ed798e5dd36d6d6" />Everything is related to everything else, but some things are more related when they’re far apart.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f821cd76" name="answer[ef4d4206e1f9c4890f3d219e6c281c83][]" type="radio" value="03b8c3c49ab40b71e9f6e3eab77e2f88" />Everything is related to everything else, but near things are less related than distant things.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f821d7c7" name="answer[ef4d4206e1f9c4890f3d219e6c281c83][]" type="radio" value="324cb94b04a0ff9b2d12adf9b1448fd4" />Everything is related to everything else, but near things are usually the same.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f821e279" name="answer[ef4d4206e1f9c4890f3d219e6c281c83][]" type="radio" value="f3d939fcb67f24448a442432f1fcc499" />Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f821ef9e" name="answer[ef4d4206e1f9c4890f3d219e6c281c83][]" type="radio" value="6e111427c962dcf51944102e114ebd7e" />Everything is related to everything else, but some things are more distant than other things.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 2</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The Geospatial Revolution involves major transformations in the way we do these things:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f822242d" name="answer[1544ab6f5b438a53e94dc8295b488f6c][]" type="checkbox" value="761a4a12f2e0808c4b037da48dda27a2" />How boundaries are drawn</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8231d93" name="answer[1544ab6f5b438a53e94dc8295b488f6c][]" type="checkbox" value="78fe8fe6657a7cdc005f85567a696889" />How we analyze numbers</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f823310e" name="answer[1544ab6f5b438a53e94dc8295b488f6c][]" type="checkbox" value="d560c4a6bee4b3ddf0017349174e0f6f" />How we navigate</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.12</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8233d30" name="answer[1544ab6f5b438a53e94dc8295b488f6c][]" type="checkbox" value="5419b12ed9a89cc67a2fee0680cf2b52" />How we design globes</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f823515f" name="answer[1544ab6f5b438a53e94dc8295b488f6c][]" type="checkbox" value="e137b4d3f8bd34c08140cd413b8b3040" />How we select condiments</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f823608b" name="answer[1544ab6f5b438a53e94dc8295b488f6c][]" type="checkbox" value="36d118c88e973e89ba4071bdef3329ec" />How we print maps</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8236b30" name="answer[1544ab6f5b438a53e94dc8295b488f6c][]" type="checkbox" value="46a4d560127e1dcdf5b31cce75eff035" />How we make decisions</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.12</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82375ff" name="answer[1544ab6f5b438a53e94dc8295b488f6c][]" type="checkbox" value="3b8793a3a1895068597a3d68f1b9ba9c" />How we share stories</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.12</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 3</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Cartography is the:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f823bb54" name="answer[73927adfb7447b1e7a741c1c0b7581e1][]" type="radio" value="7f77a22aaa944db3c23ae9aef3b61513" />Study of maps and geography</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f823c385" name="answer[73927adfb7447b1e7a741c1c0b7581e1][]" type="radio" value="b0c76c7c11ac2438e4a050f755390c16" />Science of geographic information systems</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f823d193" name="answer[73927adfb7447b1e7a741c1c0b7581e1][]" type="radio" value="bba64bc683e835caff3414bc513a2de2" />Methodology for studying the Earth’s systems</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f823da02" name="answer[73927adfb7447b1e7a741c1c0b7581e1][]" type="radio" value="440e3766bd02d5e98eb7c45bb4a04740" />Art and science of making maps</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f823e51f" name="answer[73927adfb7447b1e7a741c1c0b7581e1][]" type="radio" value="aa836ec7e4d889e98d8976ffa9c53933" />Art of making globes</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f823ec8c" name="answer[73927adfb7447b1e7a741c1c0b7581e1][]" type="radio" value="b99befc2dd8a2ae8b70b9f6521040c0f" />Way you draw features to make maps</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 4</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Spatial autocorrelation is:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82425a3" name="answer[b78fcd23f9c42f85b3c001455d36aff4][]" type="radio" value="b76b347e77bcfe897d95547418fcf94b" />The degree to which maps can predict future patterns in data.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8242e85" name="answer[b78fcd23f9c42f85b3c001455d36aff4][]" type="radio" value="be10bf4d6907adf92efd4a02bd45ff75" />The size of a cluster of data observations in one place.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f824357b" name="answer[b78fcd23f9c42f85b3c001455d36aff4][]" type="radio" value="b828d9cc04693b86a6f8fb97d06d5bed" />The proximity of data observations in space and time.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8243c83" name="answer[b78fcd23f9c42f85b3c001455d36aff4][]" type="radio" value="5177fb9c602223d6dc14be653942bc21" />The measure of similarity between observations that are located near each other.</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f824475d" name="answer[b78fcd23f9c42f85b3c001455d36aff4][]" type="radio" value="21454d5afdb227186fad388ea23dc61b" />The distance associated with two or more similar data observations.</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 5</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Which of the following are true statements?</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8247dd6" name="answer[48489820075d27162cfcd20acd6fa6a7][]" type="checkbox" value="a3a8398c9e1bf21306c3a3e049d39f0e" />Map designs may vary, but the story will remain the same</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82488e1" name="answer[48489820075d27162cfcd20acd6fa6a7][]" type="checkbox" value="75ba3d0aac93d69bd9e30cec06eccaef" />Everyone sees the same thing when you put it on a map</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f824977a" name="answer[48489820075d27162cfcd20acd6fa6a7][]" type="checkbox" value="de81ef7e6af3feaaaf906f9e2aafa715" />Maps are always simplifications of reality</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.14</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f824a81e" name="answer[48489820075d27162cfcd20acd6fa6a7][]" type="checkbox" value="ba64d2034e2eb2132e52fc930a090578" />Maps are products of a design process</td>
<td><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f824b4c1" name="answer[48489820075d27162cfcd20acd6fa6a7][]" type="checkbox" value="199c0c09b51d27328bf3ae1fc0decf7a" />The way a map is designed can influence how people interpret it</td>
<td><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f824c002" name="answer[48489820075d27162cfcd20acd6fa6a7][]" type="checkbox" value="3d600b2b5f8ba8743a7957942effcb28" />The best maps are those that include the most details to simulate reality</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f824cab5" name="answer[48489820075d27162cfcd20acd6fa6a7][]" type="checkbox" value="2b5cca4b49e6fc673a658a812e3f556c" />Maps show exactly what is happening in reality</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.57 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 6</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Geotagging is a:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8250ec4" name="answer[6bd010a652cc8cea39b1f8de09d0e13f][]" type="radio" value="fdc7d07481427f772f3bc268864372ed" />New way of improving the accuracy of GPS data</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8251967" name="answer[6bd010a652cc8cea39b1f8de09d0e13f][]" type="radio" value="e82a917a53a09637747308aa3ae807a7" />Technique that monitors movement of the Earth’s crust</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f825208a" name="answer[6bd010a652cc8cea39b1f8de09d0e13f][]" type="radio" value="a1c5f66f37e283a0757545ae0d0ec02f" />System for showing locations in a data table</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82528f0" name="answer[6bd010a652cc8cea39b1f8de09d0e13f][]" type="radio" value="6bce46168c5b0977fd761eacd8f6f3b5" />Form of geocoding, which allows location information to be assigned to data</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8253466" name="answer[6bd010a652cc8cea39b1f8de09d0e13f][]" type="radio" value="270c9fee8f8d7099cceb45f9c020681b" />Method for analyzing geospatial data using digital maps</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 7</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The major types of maps are:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82567ee" name="answer[03dc0de905f973274cfcd34bfc2cb79e][]" type="checkbox" value="69cf6380e9f17f5b341b85138e5036e8" />Socioeconomic Maps</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82574a8" name="answer[03dc0de905f973274cfcd34bfc2cb79e][]" type="checkbox" value="de8930ac51455ebac149c09c6b5944dd" />Environmental Maps</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82580b8" name="answer[03dc0de905f973274cfcd34bfc2cb79e][]" type="checkbox" value="5b8ffe23362e92d43829417f46434e14" />Thematic Maps</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.14</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8258be3" name="answer[03dc0de905f973274cfcd34bfc2cb79e][]" type="checkbox" value="9534eb3570dfa109c7cd53cccada8d8a" />Reference Maps</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.14</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82596e9" name="answer[03dc0de905f973274cfcd34bfc2cb79e][]" type="checkbox" value="4b120444dc3b56021a57bfd440a0ad85" />Digital Maps</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f825a1a7" name="answer[03dc0de905f973274cfcd34bfc2cb79e][]" type="checkbox" value="479b028d2034178b48a1eaf17c0a3730" />GPS Maps</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f825ac2c" name="answer[03dc0de905f973274cfcd34bfc2cb79e][]" type="checkbox" value="63da77296acdb915fe1a6c6506f8531d" />Paper Maps</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 8</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Two types of color schemes that you can use with numerical datasets are:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f825e2d7" name="answer[d6cce313d3153ed9b1f43fac809561f5][]" type="radio" value="b201acefdbb5c45b1c5387f575e0c9a0" />Qualitative and Diverging</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f825e9cc" name="answer[d6cce313d3153ed9b1f43fac809561f5][]" type="radio" value="9934f148d49f8cf3bd3bf73ba8c61dc4" />Qualitative and Quantitative</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f825f0b1" name="answer[d6cce313d3153ed9b1f43fac809561f5][]" type="radio" value="20e2982dfa55e4c298963b233c64a5d3" />Light and Dark</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f825f92e" name="answer[d6cce313d3153ed9b1f43fac809561f5][]" type="radio" value="176d4c9f693da3f02864658b1a70c226" />Sequential and Diverging</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8260490" name="answer[d6cce313d3153ed9b1f43fac809561f5][]" type="radio" value="cbfae5b7f9ee99f2805fd127260d2896" />Color and Black & White</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8260bc7" name="answer[d6cce313d3153ed9b1f43fac809561f5][]" type="radio" value="92fdebe0742f0331bf819b75126cdcd0" />Ordinal and Sequential</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 9</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="text-align: left;">
This map is an example of a ___________ map: <img alt="A" height="246" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map1.jpg" width="400" />
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8263c08" name="answer[fc53c7ed0534c96b89970975fcb31236][]" type="radio" value="554a6fd3a5918cc9fc8f91a445ef5085" />Geospatial Map</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8264718" name="answer[fc53c7ed0534c96b89970975fcb31236][]" type="radio" value="b6c84978139c405465e500485f244282" />Reference Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8264e39" name="answer[fc53c7ed0534c96b89970975fcb31236][]" type="radio" value="534fa9c38780710c4966f76a0ab82d74" />Digital Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8265530" name="answer[fc53c7ed0534c96b89970975fcb31236][]" type="radio" value="c0523af0b1308d13a59c21d559cf303a" />Thematic Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8265c2f" name="answer[fc53c7ed0534c96b89970975fcb31236][]" type="radio" value="9bd2517b599ea1e0e23759d4b48fd957" />GIS Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f826633b" name="answer[fc53c7ed0534c96b89970975fcb31236][]" type="radio" value="f6b7323f7af49310beaa0011fbb602a1" />Physical Geographic Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 10</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Geographic locations can include:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f826948b" name="answer[6e5d78aa7b3ec2334f0c040af0064554][]" type="checkbox" value="a64b2f7631d0f10eaa627950b5dac1b2" />Only the physical features of the Earth</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8269f51" name="answer[6e5d78aa7b3ec2334f0c040af0064554][]" type="checkbox" value="02526bfa601014456d28c9d20f3f15b2" />Up to twenty descriptive variables</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f826a9e8" name="answer[6e5d78aa7b3ec2334f0c040af0064554][]" type="checkbox" value="013ba31cec8850d4bdb6340cc1391e6d" />Well-defined regions like countries, states, and counties</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.14</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f826b499" name="answer[6e5d78aa7b3ec2334f0c040af0064554][]" type="checkbox" value="f800929dd5056b90c8d11ecc781db8ab" />Natural areas like watersheds and mountain ranges</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.14</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f826bf36" name="answer[6e5d78aa7b3ec2334f0c040af0064554][]" type="checkbox" value="01d2bc8c44714905b31b84e58fbcbc30" />Ill-defined regions like neighborhoods</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.14</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f826c9fd" name="answer[6e5d78aa7b3ec2334f0c040af0064554][]" type="checkbox" value="d7e768eea01a880ea79429c503103230" />Only the objects on Earth created by people</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f826d673" name="answer[6e5d78aa7b3ec2334f0c040af0064554][]" type="checkbox" value="e5850b8ec993fe38c02fc69d1107193d" />Only the places that can be printed on a map</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.14</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 11</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Quantile classification:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8270eb9" name="answer[8b4a494b4ca5b444179d197a498ff4ca][]" type="radio" value="c917ebee206cea1ae77686ceed5b56d6" />Uses sequential colors to show data categories</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8271629" name="answer[8b4a494b4ca5b444179d197a498ff4ca][]" type="radio" value="22f5c51b52c3da67989d8121ff543efb" />Uses a common data value interval between each category</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8271d8c" name="answer[8b4a494b4ca5b444179d197a498ff4ca][]" type="radio" value="8d47bd5981d9f5683f62e220490d05d2" />Is best used when making reference maps for navigation</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82724b6" name="answer[8b4a494b4ca5b444179d197a498ff4ca][]" type="radio" value="66b57e18b9335a02db21e40e1900754c" />Assigns the same number of data observations to each category</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f827310f" name="answer[8b4a494b4ca5b444179d197a498ff4ca][]" type="radio" value="74af9b071522b0a58f61dacb0b63b4ce" />Applies an algorithm to choose category boundaries automatically</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8273887" name="answer[8b4a494b4ca5b444179d197a498ff4ca][]" type="radio" value="b1da59503c745914cc121e6fde580009" />Is the classification used least often in thematic maps</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 12</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
This map shows the use of the _______ technique for symbolizing spatial data. <img alt="A" height="213" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map2.jpg" width="400" />
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82770f7" name="answer[8324d5868b70f05b50cfde238df7b5a7][]" type="radio" value="97704e9869cc3fd15831717601a06987" />Spatial Autocorrelation</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8277872" name="answer[8324d5868b70f05b50cfde238df7b5a7][]" type="radio" value="5009b33f47cce02e9990dcbed87aedff" />Graduated Colors</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8278097" name="answer[8324d5868b70f05b50cfde238df7b5a7][]" type="radio" value="a4c577ac4a45e57fbdc5d543a287d246" />Color Ramping</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82787c1" name="answer[8324d5868b70f05b50cfde238df7b5a7][]" type="radio" value="3ef6a9a87c533332709758f40ca23acb" />Choropleth</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82792a4" name="answer[8324d5868b70f05b50cfde238df7b5a7][]" type="radio" value="e2a448d641dc6b703729d405de30ff7a" />Chloropleth</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 13</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Proportional symbols:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f827cca9" name="answer[e570da45da34ad14a75ae59a47327314][]" type="radio" value="0b3473b5961f3694bd76cf91d655a880" />Use multiple shapes to show low-to-high values</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f827d44e" name="answer[e570da45da34ad14a75ae59a47327314][]" type="radio" value="4bb80754605f7f71acba5ed60aafc9a8" />Use several set sizes that correspond to data categories</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f827db36" name="answer[e570da45da34ad14a75ae59a47327314][]" type="radio" value="fb12910852e1cfc135accf848ee442f0" />Fairly represent every data category</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f827e42d" name="answer[e570da45da34ad14a75ae59a47327314][]" type="radio" value="7b8559190241911623d703f70d85a3ca" />Vary in their size proportional to data values</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f827f256" name="answer[e570da45da34ad14a75ae59a47327314][]" type="radio" value="f201f828931290036738576c48266e6f" />Use multiple colors to show data categories</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f827fbe0" name="answer[e570da45da34ad14a75ae59a47327314][]" type="radio" value="1a604da23e9ec9564231a6c55d9eccb1" />Are best applied to normalized datasets</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 14</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Using different map projections will:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8282bec" name="answer[dce6a4d29bfbfaee7325e75a2246d77e][]" type="radio" value="b2086f317494e446c91a6a279240b735" />Always exaggerate the features close to the North and South poles</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8283358" name="answer[dce6a4d29bfbfaee7325e75a2246d77e][]" type="radio" value="9d296e7ffe5c27f83d224177731986de" />Yield results that look a bit different, but do not impact the results of spatial analysis</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8283a4e" name="answer[dce6a4d29bfbfaee7325e75a2246d77e][]" type="radio" value="501458d9d1e1fd610df6470493c9f15d" />Never be possible due to the complexity of the Earth</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f828414b" name="answer[dce6a4d29bfbfaee7325e75a2246d77e][]" type="radio" value="b9c35ebd7775b9bd221a0c48eaf5406c" />Yield different results when conducting the same type of spatial analysis</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8285122" name="answer[dce6a4d29bfbfaee7325e75a2246d77e][]" type="radio" value="7dc89da78a98e419ef8c956d41f1d7ec" />Yield the same results when conducting the same type of spatial analysis</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 15</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Geospatial datasets used to create maps normally:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8288339" name="answer[39a5943a9b6c63aa17f357a131e22c86][]" type="radio" value="f2db375297e8d0abbc3be40823cdf533" />Offer complete coverage for every scale</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8288a72" name="answer[39a5943a9b6c63aa17f357a131e22c86][]" type="radio" value="c726064e07186f71650e158de8263101" />Provide the same level of detail for every place</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82891b6" name="answer[39a5943a9b6c63aa17f357a131e22c86][]" type="radio" value="10c4c2d3aceabf2bcb0f2f2bd40ba536" />Use the same fundamental methods for data collection</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82898f7" name="answer[39a5943a9b6c63aa17f357a131e22c86][]" type="radio" value="eae0411e6e3234b8b22831f776d2cf1c" />Come from different sources and are collected at different times</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f828a55a" name="answer[39a5943a9b6c63aa17f357a131e22c86][]" type="radio" value="357f2d797ad9dd8e31d7e431d14a75be" />Cover every time range</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 16</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Major types of spatial data include:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f828f737" name="answer[a5891395ea3b1b17e83facf5b9763ff5][]" type="checkbox" value="58a43293442ac7fb3aee6e79cd50b870" />Distances</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82903f9" name="answer[a5891395ea3b1b17e83facf5b9763ff5][]" type="checkbox" value="8f27205f4b52995f7eb2f8d1c22da88b" />Borders</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8291aa6" name="answer[a5891395ea3b1b17e83facf5b9763ff5][]" type="checkbox" value="a0f179e986312b1a480ada5472b328f8" />Points</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.12</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8292981" name="answer[a5891395ea3b1b17e83facf5b9763ff5][]" type="checkbox" value="33facb5c3297cf24466c0471720de7f9" />Regions</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82936ee" name="answer[a5891395ea3b1b17e83facf5b9763ff5][]" type="checkbox" value="65cae1e3dfa20de06855099920002822" />Attributes</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82943e4" name="answer[a5891395ea3b1b17e83facf5b9763ff5][]" type="checkbox" value="5f22198b5d3d304bfeae41e73341c859" />Shapes</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8294f13" name="answer[a5891395ea3b1b17e83facf5b9763ff5][]" type="checkbox" value="8e9827e43845d0eb1dc216f6acf05d79" />Lines</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.12</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8295a8b" name="answer[a5891395ea3b1b17e83facf5b9763ff5][]" type="checkbox" value="062821929f35623a3fbbe8065e234ddb" />Polygons</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.12</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 17</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The Web Mercator projection:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f829d364" name="answer[7f355f977b9929f9ff2a4caa5b7fe6db][]" type="radio" value="619fc05dc052e6fe8c148cfca7a2f55a" />Ensures that area measurements are consistent across the map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f829e2a7" name="answer[7f355f977b9929f9ff2a4caa5b7fe6db][]" type="radio" value="efa2810acf6f0969d84df6de6f5da200" />Enables the map to be maximally useful on the Internet</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f829eb85" name="answer[7f355f977b9929f9ff2a4caa5b7fe6db][]" type="radio" value="febdf6bd5188e1c09cef9712beeb0f74" />Provides significant advantages over non-Web designed projections</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f829f9c8" name="answer[7f355f977b9929f9ff2a4caa5b7fe6db][]" type="radio" value="9f3c8a5e33971a4e325c7ea75f5bd7a6" />Causes areas close to the North/South poles to be greatly exaggerated in size</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82a0a8d" name="answer[7f355f977b9929f9ff2a4caa5b7fe6db][]" type="radio" value="7e19792f8fcdac471544fb7c34f6bb17" />Causes areas around the Equator to be exaggerated in size</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 18</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Buffer analysis can use _______ or ________ to identify areas of interest near a feature.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82a572c" name="answer[881653ff00733916f08b106e29f87f99][]" type="radio" value="ffeb93d758d6f55e5d15f9c048396b0b" />Lasers, Infrared Sensors</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82a5ff7" name="answer[881653ff00733916f08b106e29f87f99][]" type="radio" value="6dfae9fc99efda0edb0d2f500dbeae20" />Spatial Data, GIS Analysis</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82a6a3f" name="answer[881653ff00733916f08b106e29f87f99][]" type="radio" value="1d37556c863a64f5f4eb41bfdcf44a8c" />Distance, Satellites</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82a74f8" name="answer[881653ff00733916f08b106e29f87f99][]" type="radio" value="b29763eaeac1e0251abf0a3d1c2b3ff6" />Distance, Time</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82a89d6" name="answer[881653ff00733916f08b106e29f87f99][]" type="radio" value="2fcabb2c506b15597c31c191a6b3aaea" />Time, Topology</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 19</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Data classification refers to:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82abca1" name="answer[148b07bbd40474c9bf752e94f0d12924][]" type="radio" value="c641ca800181fbb88059f7a15830492b" />The method by which maps are organized for rapid retrieval</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82ac5eb" name="answer[148b07bbd40474c9bf752e94f0d12924][]" type="radio" value="79f3be9252263123f667cba06d487900" />The level of secrecy associated with your map data</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82acd8b" name="answer[148b07bbd40474c9bf752e94f0d12924][]" type="radio" value="794cb96df9b30a0f435e36b2b3d4f070" />The method by which data observations are labeled</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82ad50d" name="answer[148b07bbd40474c9bf752e94f0d12924][]" type="radio" value="ddedfb6056c7452589af1af492c96004" />The method by which you assign data observations to categories</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82ae0b8" name="answer[148b07bbd40474c9bf752e94f0d12924][]" type="radio" value="ed4cf9060813466ae6d9f7c3bc5cb7fe" />The set of colors you use to show data observations</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82bd554" name="answer[148b07bbd40474c9bf752e94f0d12924][]" type="radio" value="6cabd32d71e7cd832f2dd4a94b68a8eb" />The inclusion of metadata on the map layout</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 20</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Mathematical transformations from the 3D Earth to a 2D map can preserve the following properties:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c07ea" name="answer[6bcccec132d36a06d87d37e8f04d367d][]" type="checkbox" value="907052db484354fb39bdfa16f71b1ecf" />Landscapes</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c12a4" name="answer[6bcccec132d36a06d87d37e8f04d367d][]" type="checkbox" value="9acdfb442cc254416cccbe5e1b4cf3e5" />Area</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.11</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c1e02" name="answer[6bcccec132d36a06d87d37e8f04d367d][]" type="checkbox" value="a0fbe120a873a54a64567c0f81547f94" />Topography</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c287e" name="answer[6bcccec132d36a06d87d37e8f04d367d][]" type="checkbox" value="aa80b70a3b31901bc2415aba6038ea9c" />Geospatial Data</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c3304" name="answer[6bcccec132d36a06d87d37e8f04d367d][]" type="checkbox" value="2eaa0aeebaa9e03102e59c6b839da4ec" />Shape</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.11</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c3e13" name="answer[6bcccec132d36a06d87d37e8f04d367d][]" type="checkbox" value="b45b5f5ee74f5456bd7728308522ae5e" />Shortest route between two points</td>
<td><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c48d4" name="answer[6bcccec132d36a06d87d37e8f04d367d][]" type="checkbox" value="56f48b09cc54384790615232645a802a" />Cultural Regions</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c537a" name="answer[6bcccec132d36a06d87d37e8f04d367d][]" type="checkbox" value="4e059ea81a6f7df3dc32046627a0cb56" />Distance</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c637f" name="answer[6bcccec132d36a06d87d37e8f04d367d][]" type="checkbox" value="310380a1b543c5f6508e34e28fa52749" />Direction</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.11</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.89 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 21</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Depending on the scale at which you study a Geographic problem:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82c9cdd" name="answer[b5bf67fc50d272cdd55e1e2e9a48ebae][]" type="radio" value="0fef03537ca3327f168dd7dc72da6b2a" />You need to refer to printed maps to make comparisons</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82ca3eb" name="answer[b5bf67fc50d272cdd55e1e2e9a48ebae][]" type="radio" value="cab00763588bca1ad2eaff4ec5399ede" />You may want to use an image for your basemap</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82caae8" name="answer[b5bf67fc50d272cdd55e1e2e9a48ebae][]" type="radio" value="a303b465e25fe131c8d12fecd8a21905" />You may be able to use more text in labels to explain what is happening</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82cb1ba" name="answer[b5bf67fc50d272cdd55e1e2e9a48ebae][]" type="radio" value="37b701dc8814158bc10c9dafe08a2a80" />You may derive different answers and end up with different looking maps</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82cbc65" name="answer[b5bf67fc50d272cdd55e1e2e9a48ebae][]" type="radio" value="c1b1d34d3b9741a8afe66bc3a069d671" />You need to use data gathered at different times</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 22</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
You can review information about spatial data source and quality by examining its:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82ceb1c" name="answer[577e37bb0555c6eb6ed80690fd2a0b0f][]" type="radio" value="2b6a9b118ec963ec350d31f963477416" />Scalebar</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82cf24e" name="answer[577e37bb0555c6eb6ed80690fd2a0b0f][]" type="radio" value="dcbe781d7f7c77bcf3d389375762106b" />Website</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82cf954" name="answer[577e37bb0555c6eb6ed80690fd2a0b0f][]" type="radio" value="c80d01882ab95aea8e3996ef86d28013" />File type</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d0032" name="answer[577e37bb0555c6eb6ed80690fd2a0b0f][]" type="radio" value="ba26be9441fdf5befcb0286bda5597ef" />Metadata</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d0ae7" name="answer[577e37bb0555c6eb6ed80690fd2a0b0f][]" type="radio" value="8e4639f4514cb19fcf2c541af23f72bc" />Marginalia</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 23</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
A good map layout has a:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d3972" name="answer[b1e88e324a19f04e147884880478df20][]" type="radio" value="9970ebc66a8f0adf5a1cba02ff2b009c" />Note that identifies which website the data came from</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d4099" name="answer[b1e88e324a19f04e147884880478df20][]" type="radio" value="1114fa9fad5d308dbdb5cd1f3286b1cb" />Rich set of colors and typefaces</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d47c6" name="answer[b1e88e324a19f04e147884880478df20][]" type="radio" value="7d291851d16408620786b80bdcfc3870" />Short hyperlink URL to share with others</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d50b0" name="answer[b1e88e324a19f04e147884880478df20][]" type="radio" value="c27af1d123b1f342cb4d90015fe0d768" />Clear visual hierarchy</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d57f3" name="answer[b1e88e324a19f04e147884880478df20][]" type="radio" value="41dbb7b0ba236048d357f32f2498f9fc" />Legend that tells a story about the data</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d6326" name="answer[b1e88e324a19f04e147884880478df20][]" type="radio" value="18d8de5a63a0d66b074b8071ea266d8a" />Signature in cursive by the mapmaker</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 24</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Graduated symbols:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d954e" name="answer[beb704f7c83e1d43b614a83fe1c57f01][]" type="radio" value="b281ce3f2154653d40ed12748106eb84" />Use different shapes to show multiple variables</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82d9cae" name="answer[beb704f7c83e1d43b614a83fe1c57f01][]" type="radio" value="dcfd53a5cdeef83364848d9eaafe3284" />Vary the size of symbols proportionally depending on data values</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82daac8" name="answer[beb704f7c83e1d43b614a83fe1c57f01][]" type="radio" value="cdc6aedf33a6d34c4f051407b8a0d74a" />Have successfully completed a MOOC with distinction</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82db231" name="answer[beb704f7c83e1d43b614a83fe1c57f01][]" type="radio" value="5b367ba82597f7b53c9458323b625682" />Use set sizes that represent data categories</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82db93f" name="answer[beb704f7c83e1d43b614a83fe1c57f01][]" type="radio" value="002c94c8efea6edcccfe78a69d428bba" />Use color to show different data categories</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82dc144" name="answer[beb704f7c83e1d43b614a83fe1c57f01][]" type="radio" value="bacf39d30a144b459f1d085a8d9bac91" />Are useful for incomplete data coverage</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 25</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Position ____ is the best option for placing a label around a point on a map. <img alt="A" height="400" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map3.jpg" width="400" />
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82df1f8" name="answer[a6e024e31d144915d023b2f8bf61dc6c][]" type="radio" value="c9b2f3de8d64ec2bdd1d8cca0684588e" />A - Top Left</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82df933" name="answer[a6e024e31d144915d023b2f8bf61dc6c][]" type="radio" value="e5e731080463a00122e3d50e8eeaef6c" />C - Top</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e003b" name="answer[a6e024e31d144915d023b2f8bf61dc6c][]" type="radio" value="216086ab33bae2358c426da948ecaaed" />F - Bottom Right</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e071f" name="answer[a6e024e31d144915d023b2f8bf61dc6c][]" type="radio" value="aba0b671e54a1bea96b4d396e2c85eb1" />E - Top Right</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e11e0" name="answer[a6e024e31d144915d023b2f8bf61dc6c][]" type="radio" value="8ef73cac2bd4e07a2d0a08744f196ab4" />D - Bottom</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e18e0" name="answer[a6e024e31d144915d023b2f8bf61dc6c][]" type="radio" value="8382f5aa07128c1806fbe6255da802b2" />B - Bottom Left</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 26</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The set of spatial relationships that features can have with one another is called:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e4a2d" name="answer[0f7e313bf2009b01fadfaa36f58b84d0][]" type="radio" value="2aedc70c7578a0f8e752c563fd157e54" />Spatial Metaphors</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e5192" name="answer[0f7e313bf2009b01fadfaa36f58b84d0][]" type="radio" value="715faa54fcc3c270e31ff49c10f51dcd" />Topographic Mapping</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e5879" name="answer[0f7e313bf2009b01fadfaa36f58b84d0][]" type="radio" value="62991145ff9fcd1773cb88616698f70f" />GIS Typography</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e5fb3" name="answer[0f7e313bf2009b01fadfaa36f58b84d0][]" type="radio" value="ea0be7268bc3526d776e8f0329b2b757" />Spatial Topology</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e6afd" name="answer[0f7e313bf2009b01fadfaa36f58b84d0][]" type="radio" value="031e1ef9472e1365c992baf55044d102" />Geospatial Topography</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 27</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
GPS is an example of a ________.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82e9a40" name="answer[45299b37580dfb34655933a1ccfd54cc][]" type="radio" value="0ebbe8d0b3f5df42f910e9df1a298c7d" />Geographic Navigation System Service</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82ea182" name="answer[45299b37580dfb34655933a1ccfd54cc][]" type="radio" value="6e53191bf9e171a8cfe8013765525888" />Google Earth Web Service</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82ea868" name="answer[45299b37580dfb34655933a1ccfd54cc][]" type="radio" value="0de1827afffe424b9cbbe735d97f93cd" />Geographic Navigation System of Satellites</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82eaf60" name="answer[45299b37580dfb34655933a1ccfd54cc][]" type="radio" value="fb57d9c88a0141d31c3ffacdc50f2eb6" />Global Navigation Satellite System</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82eba47" name="answer[45299b37580dfb34655933a1ccfd54cc][]" type="radio" value="6562414fb5731031246e26394e26425f" />Geospatial Nomenclature Satellite Service</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;">
This map demonstrates the use of: <img alt="A" for="" height="266" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map4.jpg" width="400" />
</div>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 28</u></h3>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82ee979" name="answer[72b75fff5fd918c80b3df66297235562][]" type="radio" value="3a2e4e5f4a266c74082c244d64e9f6ee" />Delicious Pie symbols</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82ef24f" name="answer[72b75fff5fd918c80b3df66297235562][]" type="radio" value="eca29a7edf92de9e1e4ae2ae46a63dea" />Geospatial symbols</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82efdac" name="answer[72b75fff5fd918c80b3df66297235562][]" type="radio" value="4598c66bc44cc6eeeb24e28cbce7e936" />Geocoded symbols</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82f04ae" name="answer[72b75fff5fd918c80b3df66297235562][]" type="radio" value="5e05561575609e169690f49522ddeb02" />Multivariate symbols</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82f0f61" name="answer[72b75fff5fd918c80b3df66297235562][]" type="radio" value="30cb171b7f0e5872e6d2dc04294b5b90" />Graduated symbols</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f82f1648" name="answer[72b75fff5fd918c80b3df66297235562][]" type="radio" value="485824884dc0c2e07c17b5859957d283" />Choropleth symbols</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 29</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The grid system we use to locate things on the Earth uses standard lines of:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83005e3" name="answer[91bd89031986685e769ecfe34e224c67][]" type="radio" value="db2f319cd7b892396a1702cf1fc72232" />East and West</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8300cf5" name="answer[91bd89031986685e769ecfe34e224c67][]" type="radio" value="56f1f8966616297424284b8287f53fd2" />Geospatial locations</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83013ee" name="answer[91bd89031986685e769ecfe34e224c67][]" type="radio" value="0509eb78e2bb1b5476855a9b30690f67" />Small Scale and Large Scale</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8301af6" name="answer[91bd89031986685e769ecfe34e224c67][]" type="radio" value="a7aaacccfb6567222f25ef3c1ec776d0" />Latitude and Longitude</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83025c2" name="answer[91bd89031986685e769ecfe34e224c67][]" type="radio" value="c432fc5e6dc33cc0826e141638db1128" />Range and Focus</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8302ccb" name="answer[91bd89031986685e769ecfe34e224c67][]" type="radio" value="055e37fe656af85fd91a740d5c76ebce" />North and South</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 30</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
This map demonstrates the use of the ________ technique for symbolizing spatial data. <img alt="A" height="290" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map5.jpg" width="400" />
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8305e0f" name="answer[ab8d52000e0107c7c4834f4ccf62227b][]" type="radio" value="93d037067c28f865fa4ccd3868e1fa73" />ColorBrewer</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83066ed" name="answer[ab8d52000e0107c7c4834f4ccf62227b][]" type="radio" value="c68d99ee8c75782bd2136ea37eea22bf" />Geospatial Circles </td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8306def" name="answer[ab8d52000e0107c7c4834f4ccf62227b][]" type="radio" value="264e853a5129a8e12f794544ee46553b" />Choropleth Circles</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8307500" name="answer[ab8d52000e0107c7c4834f4ccf62227b][]" type="radio" value="7254347f7a2fb78ea85d64af164a531d" />Graduated circle</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8307fbf" name="answer[ab8d52000e0107c7c4834f4ccf62227b][]" type="radio" value="48f27ebb49954e210763aca64ea46400" />Circle ramping</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 31</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
If you have data values from
specific locations (but not everywhere) and you want to make a smoothed
map of the entire area, you need to:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f830b25b" name="answer[23a7a2edcae547c2b7e1412c76f2f2ca][]" type="radio" value="e74af225c02ea52c80e368d085ee74aa" />Consult older maps to estimate values where you are missing coverage</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f830b9c5" name="answer[23a7a2edcae547c2b7e1412c76f2f2ca][]" type="radio" value="88f50af148d37a7b87bc7566033e50a6" />Find older data to develop complete coverage</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f830c105" name="answer[23a7a2edcae547c2b7e1412c76f2f2ca][]" type="radio" value="9f444ecda56f4035cd34d0ac51df36f2" />Use overlay analysis and buffering to make a surface</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f830cbff" name="answer[23a7a2edcae547c2b7e1412c76f2f2ca][]" type="radio" value="7d9966788b7db723d30355e34f05ce54" />Use surface interpolation methods to make estimates</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f830d341" name="answer[23a7a2edcae547c2b7e1412c76f2f2ca][]" type="radio" value="6fef8fafb32795357e933e0567e7189c" />Gather more data until you have complete coverage</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 32</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
This map legend shows the use of: <img alt="A" height="400" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map6.jpg" value="" width="350" />
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8310550" name="answer[41a6682c59849d1afaf9e80c97a1063f][]" type="radio" value="ed6a56cbabbb7964f239ea19bf46c7b4" />Color-based Classification</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8310cce" name="answer[41a6682c59849d1afaf9e80c97a1063f][]" type="radio" value="46a1ca0b0f8c1b91597318920c2377c7" />Natural Break Classification</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83113bd" name="answer[41a6682c59849d1afaf9e80c97a1063f][]" type="radio" value="e131842d5aaa8d3083ceb2a9c04ddadb" />Sequential Classification</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8311cb2" name="answer[41a6682c59849d1afaf9e80c97a1063f][]" type="radio" value="cbd6545db5a31f49a2706987155c7dfa" />Equal Interval Classification</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83127b3" name="answer[41a6682c59849d1afaf9e80c97a1063f][]" type="radio" value="aa44bea5aa1d31012023c88515a6ca03" />Quantile Classification</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 33</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
LIDAR is useful for making:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8316916" name="answer[d674079e5a12459965135b3224ce4d45][]" type="radio" value="e82477aa960b6eaeab69814ba18528f9" />Low-detail 3-dimensional models of the Earth’s surface</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f831710d" name="answer[d674079e5a12459965135b3224ce4d45][]" type="radio" value="aed1e68e58e8256914d8d59337e477f7" />Highly-detailed photographs of landscapes and cities</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f831783f" name="answer[d674079e5a12459965135b3224ce4d45][]" type="radio" value="fec968d803e8fa2413e9fb530432269f" />Maps that show thermal changes on the Earth’s surface</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8317f54" name="answer[d674079e5a12459965135b3224ce4d45][]" type="radio" value="854ff04c69e040771681f4fee8ac628d" />Highly-detailed 3-dimensional models of the Earth’s surface</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8318b96" name="answer[d674079e5a12459965135b3224ce4d45][]" type="radio" value="e2473d20bb8621d17a437525f150799d" />Low-detail images of the Earth’s surface</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 34</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Rainbow (spectral) color schemes are:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f831bbb6" name="answer[5244a4aec6409faabedd9d07c0aafe49][]" type="radio" value="a99baf12757fe7c3853843b1c2f8f34f" />Aid data interpretation by highlighting variation</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f831c35f" name="answer[5244a4aec6409faabedd9d07c0aafe49][]" type="radio" value="5db5e33d4ee57cc45cea0c4312cbcc9a" />Always a good choice for showing data on maps</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f831ca6f" name="answer[5244a4aec6409faabedd9d07c0aafe49][]" type="radio" value="83d17c8d83ae2fcaf80c38212a184a4b" />Designed primarily for making maps of precipitation</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f831d16c" name="answer[5244a4aec6409faabedd9d07c0aafe49][]" type="radio" value="800f7b2f85b7775037059b1618669b2d" />Rarely the best choice for showing data on maps</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f831dc50" name="answer[5244a4aec6409faabedd9d07c0aafe49][]" type="radio" value="9b716db0cac3a58cf4b51cfb0fbd71e5" />Good to use for maps that feature aerial imagery</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f831e3e6" name="answer[5244a4aec6409faabedd9d07c0aafe49][]" type="radio" value="76ca99e8077f8293e1060714821b726d" />Good to use when making heat maps</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 35</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
The science and technology associated with imaging the Earth is called:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83212b4" name="answer[bf3157c5fb1aa3c54c3fa6becdd20f86][]" type="radio" value="6760333e3defb1a88b17fe3c770e5991" />Geophotography</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83219ec" name="answer[bf3157c5fb1aa3c54c3fa6becdd20f86][]" type="radio" value="8ce53aa22b0d21a1b6e39affc1988a19" />Geospatial Imaging</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f832210f" name="answer[bf3157c5fb1aa3c54c3fa6becdd20f86][]" type="radio" value="1b915392f30970356f79c037ec22644b" />Earth Mapping</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8322969" name="answer[bf3157c5fb1aa3c54c3fa6becdd20f86][]" type="radio" value="a544b3bb0935364d29d9e9a52a4299ae" />Remote Sensing</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f832305d" name="answer[bf3157c5fb1aa3c54c3fa6becdd20f86][]" type="radio" value="3e45199070898244aa1a6adc14ae6a58" />Image Mapping</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 36</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="text-align: left;">
This map is an example of a __________. <img alt="A" color="" height="213" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map7.jpg" width="400" />
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83267f5" name="answer[141977f0a271966ac056a41596b794b1][]" type="radio" value="da42219c1ea4943ee2e51427ccdfc1ff" />Cartogram</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8326fbf" name="answer[141977f0a271966ac056a41596b794b1][]" type="radio" value="ab90823e0945587ac83a30e4995a0950" />Double-Variable Geospatial Analysis</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8327710" name="answer[141977f0a271966ac056a41596b794b1][]" type="radio" value="42ac533342d90d944cba71b155487eef" />Univariate Choropleth Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8327e26" name="answer[141977f0a271966ac056a41596b794b1][]" type="radio" value="e3bcf96a8388cccf61ade07ee7d3dfe6" />Bivariate Choropleth Map</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f832896b" name="answer[141977f0a271966ac056a41596b794b1][]" type="radio" value="e3a8944a6c3714ae9ec94c47b30d427c" />Multivariate Atlas</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 37</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
A spatial cluster is:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f832bb82" name="answer[0d80da374d7dda751689a405fd4556e7][]" type="radio" value="af3f38e3a1924924a5ccf66977896829" />A collection of spatial observations that have a lot in common with each other</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f832c28f" name="answer[0d80da374d7dda751689a405fd4556e7][]" type="radio" value="27f95d180dfef3a2d2067b1dabe473e9" />A collection of spatial observations that were collected at the same time</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f832cdf2" name="answer[0d80da374d7dda751689a405fd4556e7][]" type="radio" value="2ae000bb3163ae5dbabd9d28dfe4377f" />A set of spatial data points that have higher values than their neighbors</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f832d856" name="answer[0d80da374d7dda751689a405fd4556e7][]" type="radio" value="f23470c58e211d4d1dde6a39a3104169" />A set of spatial observations that differ from the expected variation around a point or region</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f832e780" name="answer[0d80da374d7dda751689a405fd4556e7][]" type="radio" value="98c3a5f90f573b3ecd3a7806820bf2bc" />A set of spatial data points that show the locations where people have fallen ill</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 38</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Map legends, scale bars, north arrows, titles, and source information are together called:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8332490" name="answer[d73f46c5a71d7e9c4caeb5fef187f02b][]" type="radio" value="be613353fff81ac4b716de6c3bfe7c45" />Vidalia</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8332c87" name="answer[d73f46c5a71d7e9c4caeb5fef187f02b][]" type="radio" value="b4406bdd85508d29b7e800fbea024aa3" />Paraphernalia</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Incorrect" class="course-quiz-answer-incorrect" title="Incorrect"><span alt="Incorrect" class="icon-remove"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Inorrect</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8333791" name="answer[d73f46c5a71d7e9c4caeb5fef187f02b][]" type="radio" value="bf0de9ec1e2c50d3186fac9c6563482e" />Bacchanalia</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8333ee7" name="answer[d73f46c5a71d7e9c4caeb5fef187f02b][]" type="radio" value="55f790aee62f4d95033b4339e9262662" />Marginalia</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8334615" name="answer[d73f46c5a71d7e9c4caeb5fef187f02b][]" type="radio" value="d3f234c51f376a7bc45be56f82cd32c8" />Regalia</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8334d48" name="answer[d73f46c5a71d7e9c4caeb5fef187f02b][]" type="radio" value="4459832475bfbcc6cbf30fd9e3044f56" />Glossolalia</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>0.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 39</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
“Heat Map” is the commonly used term for a:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8337ceb" name="answer[c0784ca5dbdd13a89f93538a8e4922b6][]" type="radio" value="b02b36a938a42adccd73c64a7a649c5b" />Infrared Image Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8338430" name="answer[c0784ca5dbdd13a89f93538a8e4922b6][]" type="radio" value="44cb696c392e226c89fb933abcb1b4fa" />Buffer Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8338b36" name="answer[c0784ca5dbdd13a89f93538a8e4922b6][]" type="radio" value="14899f32c90a4f7918c1972856befaa3" />Map That Is On Fire</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f833924d" name="answer[c0784ca5dbdd13a89f93538a8e4922b6][]" type="radio" value="66c11ddaf5223c7ac47dad82405f290b" />Density Surface Map</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8339d2d" name="answer[c0784ca5dbdd13a89f93538a8e4922b6][]" type="radio" value="e10429418e84214f7dae0322f0351272" />Topological Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f833a68b" name="answer[c0784ca5dbdd13a89f93538a8e4922b6][]" type="radio" value="0af2aaed44f5416d4d935adad39763f8" />Topographic Map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 40</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Layout design in cartography refers to:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f833d673" name="answer[e0100109f4068a41193d78bed1ce17f0][]" type="radio" value="33e89aaa009aa95bca1b5ea6a0065492" />Deciding which printing system to use for paper maps</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f833ddc4" name="answer[e0100109f4068a41193d78bed1ce17f0][]" type="radio" value="63757cad8777648ef065e2ccd31acca5" />Creating a page size to place a map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f833e4d1" name="answer[e0100109f4068a41193d78bed1ce17f0][]" type="radio" value="72805b882c40b70378af7c20c8950dcf" />Choosing fonts and colors for a map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f833ec3c" name="answer[e0100109f4068a41193d78bed1ce17f0][]" type="radio" value="a2395afa90aea21ff68cb3ae300d4746" />Establishing visual balance among all of the elements in and around a map</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f833f938" name="answer[e0100109f4068a41193d78bed1ce17f0][]" type="radio" value="e1acda1078741c83e8d399818c39dae9" />Locating where toolbars will appear on an interactive map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8340267" name="answer[e0100109f4068a41193d78bed1ce17f0][]" type="radio" value="22efa4d017d4b28e2b1076e00a2bed1c" />Developing the rationale for a map’s purpose</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 41</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Geospatial data:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8343fd3" name="answer[18eb23e2998c30fb3cbaa4b702cd42a6][]" type="radio" value="3d9718198a9034ed8333bf3f31ed460e" />Is less reliable than non-spatial data sources</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8344763" name="answer[18eb23e2998c30fb3cbaa4b702cd42a6][]" type="radio" value="8414385999a597a441714ecc434db124" />Never has quality issues if it is gathered correctly</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8344e95" name="answer[18eb23e2998c30fb3cbaa4b702cd42a6][]" type="radio" value="1a92d261bccb6cbdb633b5d79635843e" />Is usually available at all scales and for all times one might need</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8345595" name="answer[18eb23e2998c30fb3cbaa4b702cd42a6][]" type="radio" value="5d989d788404bc237fed4dd9b2c237b1" />Frequently has quality and certainty issues that must be understood and accounted for</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f834627a" name="answer[18eb23e2998c30fb3cbaa4b702cd42a6][]" type="radio" value="40f74e143701154376708e3d32e3ad34" />Has to be perfect in order to be useful for mapping</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 42</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
______ data can represent any type of geometry, and ______ data assigns data values to cells in a grid.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f834986e" name="answer[59d68dee8e37824eb9402e35ff911fbe][]" type="radio" value="7544f0c3d916802e2d4f1cce2e4a6adf" />Regional, Photographic</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f834a03b" name="answer[59d68dee8e37824eb9402e35ff911fbe][]" type="radio" value="7a634109ece960e3457715468e2c85ff" />Polygon, Point</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f834a746" name="answer[59d68dee8e37824eb9402e35ff911fbe][]" type="radio" value="192bec01af5bf900562fafc29e132f65" />Line, Raster</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f834ae27" name="answer[59d68dee8e37824eb9402e35ff911fbe][]" type="radio" value="031d1dd303ec7c5b9875b399aa527d2d" />Vector, Raster</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f834b8f9" name="answer[59d68dee8e37824eb9402e35ff911fbe][]" type="radio" value="45a4bc8249b2a8076b758923bbff7f00" />Raster, Vector</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 43</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
John Snow is famous for:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f834e8a7" name="answer[e1b012b19dd4624be2995c774eb7537e][]" type="radio" value="9252ad989a5b7dfb54bbebe4af7c02f7" />Making the first census map</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f834f02d" name="answer[e1b012b19dd4624be2995c774eb7537e][]" type="radio" value="85fd709fd6af6efc56a4579971f6c6e9" />Mapping a disease outbreak in New York</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f834f926" name="answer[e1b012b19dd4624be2995c774eb7537e][]" type="radio" value="f70e5831bbf0ff9bb4594c012d038414" />Discovering that snow is made of frozen water</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8350054" name="answer[e1b012b19dd4624be2995c774eb7537e][]" type="radio" value="f43f9fa04912749547a1cd365e75bd79" />Mapping a cholera outbreak in London</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8350bca" name="answer[e1b012b19dd4624be2995c774eb7537e][]" type="radio" value="072c9be183ef86a8fc03b86c6a346918" />Making the first map of London</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83512a4" name="answer[e1b012b19dd4624be2995c774eb7537e][]" type="radio" value="5286c11a3131808c5d4ffc94feee0c93" />Mapping the source of the River Nile</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 44</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Latitude corresponds to ___, and Longitude corresponds to ____ on the Cartesian coordinate system.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83541bb" name="answer[388e6083167216ce9c1bcdd0e4ace7d1][]" type="radio" value="c2f9210405a4dc4be0e6eabb441772ea" />South, West</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83548c8" name="answer[388e6083167216ce9c1bcdd0e4ace7d1][]" type="radio" value="71b082d264e906a66590bdc8eaf262f6" />Up, Sideways</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8354fa9" name="answer[388e6083167216ce9c1bcdd0e4ace7d1][]" type="radio" value="1fbaa62d9fb155e10fbeca7d2d188a6f" />North, East</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8355696" name="answer[388e6083167216ce9c1bcdd0e4ace7d1][]" type="radio" value="e56aa2b99e81905d61d363e11c18b0ca" />Y, X</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f835613e" name="answer[388e6083167216ce9c1bcdd0e4ace7d1][]" type="radio" value="73396a815f7f6f98d5ae2eef1a8eba1b" /> X, Y</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 45</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Data created for OpenStreetMap is one example of:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8358f3a" name="answer[d5a21cc047a27b3d0f8fcf6acf701012][]" type="radio" value="d84e30752847ab4bc30e15222f814e83" />Variable Geocoding Interaction</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8359662" name="answer[d5a21cc047a27b3d0f8fcf6acf701012][]" type="radio" value="e842c6deb12b71b3af29016dd5a3a443" />Voluntary Geospatial Identification</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8359d58" name="answer[d5a21cc047a27b3d0f8fcf6acf701012][]" type="radio" value="e846560d0dec39b1375bfa3f5ff89fed" />Volunteered Geographic Identification</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f835a446" name="answer[d5a21cc047a27b3d0f8fcf6acf701012][]" type="radio" value="b77f62c56ba57fc76bfee03b9346bf52" />Volunteered Geographic Information</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f835aef0" name="answer[d5a21cc047a27b3d0f8fcf6acf701012][]" type="radio" value="90251da371183e435210b8683782b322" />Verified Geospatial Information</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 46</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
A viewshed can show you:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f835ef11" name="answer[8488eb3b536cf267578c95e5c9f60c13][]" type="radio" value="a3fcd730ec8e78719e284f01d749b6e1" />The location of the sun at a given time of the day</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f835f65c" name="answer[8488eb3b536cf267578c95e5c9f60c13][]" type="radio" value="24cf92d56215ef58954da989a8096a2e" />A map of suitable locations for placing tunnels</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f835fd4f" name="answer[8488eb3b536cf267578c95e5c9f60c13][]" type="radio" value="f1594eab9c705de99454d084ecc24f8c" />A map showing the shortest route between two points</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8360492" name="answer[8488eb3b536cf267578c95e5c9f60c13][]" type="radio" value="5e4e221a18837dd58d05b924be13b25e" />The terrain visible from a chosen location</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8360f82" name="answer[8488eb3b536cf267578c95e5c9f60c13][]" type="radio" value="ad73cfc8009ba10ae5bb8740ac532c6d" />The nearest cell phone tower to your chosen location</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 47</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text">
Infrared satellite images can reveal patterns in ___________.</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8363ef1" name="answer[c679bbfd2a72db7e882fdb751638bfe5][]" type="radio" value="d1461c134e6c733cc3a5aae1567fd350" />Public health outcomes</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f836460c" name="answer[c679bbfd2a72db7e882fdb751638bfe5][]" type="radio" value="0a378ffd0ccd79dbf65820f9faafa031" />Internet usage by country</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8364cf0" name="answer[c679bbfd2a72db7e882fdb751638bfe5][]" type="radio" value="7c23cead16d55642453d5b21afb09489" />Automobile traffic in real-time</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8365e58" name="answer[c679bbfd2a72db7e882fdb751638bfe5][]" type="radio" value="b149d58bb4a2cb80e158c49b41a8b390" />Vegetation growth and urban development</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8366a1a" name="answer[c679bbfd2a72db7e882fdb751638bfe5][]" type="radio" value="08c474a8f8b4030be47433f3fb83d929" />The color of the landscape</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 48</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="text-align: left;">
What should the mapmaker do to fix this map? <img alt="A" height="400" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map8.jpg" width="450" />
</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8369e13" name="answer[9a823737085921cf94ac003ebdf87e72][]" type="radio" value="54882b80eaaed6112a746fd0edd96c3c" />Include a north arrow and scale bar</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f836aaa3" name="answer[9a823737085921cf94ac003ebdf87e72][]" type="radio" value="3f08a53be0536f605e0b80232dc3b430" />Use overlay analysis to see if other data helps reveal a pattern</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f836b1ef" name="answer[9a823737085921cf94ac003ebdf87e72][]" type="radio" value="e1158f8578b8a0055562d76c7f3f81ec" />Use state-level data instead of county-level data</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f836b8f9" name="answer[9a823737085921cf94ac003ebdf87e72][]" type="radio" value="71a9e71f6e7ec797f90769f6a13ed63f" />Normalize the data to account for population</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f836cc74" name="answer[9a823737085921cf94ac003ebdf87e72][]" type="radio" value="f307fb558c5db6e54641cd14dbafa8f8" />Try a different dataset to see if clearer patterns emerge</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td><td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="course-quiz-question-body" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
This map demonstrates the use of a:
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<a href="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="A" border="0" color="" height="240" src="https://spark-public.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/assessment_images/Exam_Map9.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number">
<u>Question 49</u></h3>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f837099f" name="answer[2dc3935f479e93097f56b3e9dc83da3c][]" type="radio" value="318a01b72e4909e8f58af2e73e930ef3" />Grayscale color scheme</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8371181" name="answer[2dc3935f479e93097f56b3e9dc83da3c][]" type="radio" value="e6ad7e2e559e455a2321eee2effb78be" />Sequential color scheme</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8371a38" name="answer[2dc3935f479e93097f56b3e9dc83da3c][]" type="radio" value="5e69f64f7e661574b7e323428c45be75" />Ordinal color scheme</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f8372474" name="answer[2dc3935f479e93097f56b3e9dc83da3c][]" type="radio" value="167fba066a022a7fb5cb22f7c77a9d16" />Qualitative color scheme</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">1.00</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f837346c" name="answer[2dc3935f479e93097f56b3e9dc83da3c][]" type="radio" value="0c3303dbc85f70971718f351acaed7e0" />Quantitative color scheme</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h3 class="course-quiz-question-number" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>Question 50</u></h3>
<div class="course-quiz-question-text" style="text-align: justify;">
When making a map, you have to consider:</div>
<table class="table" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr>
<th>Your Answer</th>
<th><br /></th>
<th>Score</th>
<th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f83780a1" name="answer[af274f81fd4b58fd3398ea60be4588c2][]" type="checkbox" value="3dd848f2aa787ba20bf87c8d4eeed2e4" />The number of times others have made similar maps before</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f837978a" name="answer[af274f81fd4b58fd3398ea60be4588c2][]" type="checkbox" value="087ff021dc85e03c368af31ec8da847a" />The ways in which others have shown the same map data before</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f837a235" name="answer[af274f81fd4b58fd3398ea60be4588c2][]" type="checkbox" value="67e8d6da0b7343f5982d23787c066a30" />The audience for the map</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.12</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f837ae7f" name="answer[af274f81fd4b58fd3398ea60be4588c2][]" type="checkbox" value="104fe4bd01799203ce7a085a1a11653d" />The best way to objectively show data</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f837b942" name="answer[af274f81fd4b58fd3398ea60be4588c2][]" type="checkbox" value="cca228c8093c1e616dece9528dd44c54" />The people who will never see the map</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f837c3f4" name="answer[af274f81fd4b58fd3398ea60be4588c2][]" type="checkbox" value="aa8fa932dc9857c90d79078414c07466" />The software available to make a map</td>
<td><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></td>
<td>0.12</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f837d0ff" name="answer[af274f81fd4b58fd3398ea60be4588c2][]" type="checkbox" value="5ef1da85f03628ff827d04bb9043d010" />The purpose of the map</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.12</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><input checked="checked" class="course-quiz-input" disabled="disabled" id="gensym_52229f837dbe3" name="answer[af274f81fd4b58fd3398ea60be4588c2][]" type="checkbox" value="5c9050f176b2b2581e6b33f037d4ad21" />The format in which it will be shared</span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;"><span alt="Correct" class="course-quiz-answer-correct" title="Correct"><span alt="Correct" class="icon-ok"><span class="accessible-text-for-reader">Correct</span></span></span></span></td>
<td><span style="color: #ffd966;">0.12</span></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Total</td>
<td><br /></td>
<td>1.00 / 1.00</td>
<td><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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